LBSOS KRNLI/O ERRORFILE 'SOS.KERNEL' NOT FOUNDINVALID KERNEL FILExةw,@  4  J  ȱ⩤i8#) ) 8Le APPLECON A program to assist with the conversion of Applesoft programs to Apple /// Business BASIC programs 8-READ.ME.FIRSTi1O 56!*SOS.DRIVER J4-Z%SEG.T ej-Ÿ/ *SOS.INTERP ~4ke ! *SOS.KERNEL ,V !aFLASHNAME.DATGw DISKNAME.DATIII.BSB.090816Au' -APPLECON.INST2l`  -CONVERT.NOTES22 4HELLO </ *HELLO.TEXT:= O *MENU.MAKER > }->.PEEK.POKE.CALLGm#im#iЛ#Lȱ  6L憦  Lsmm l y` @8(Je稽 ʈ Manual Revision 4/20/82 INTRODUCTION ------------ APPLECON is a program   !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678" if you want a catalog of the Apple ][ input disk. The catalog will be in the same format as the one given by Apple ][. If the catalog is too long to fit on the screen, it will be listed one screenful at a time, fos displayed: *** Insert Apple ][ disk in drive 2 and press return This message will be repeated until a valid Apple ][ disk is found. *** Catalog Apple ][ disk? Reply with "Y" or "Yess must be a 16-sector disk. Be sure the disk in drive 2 is your Apple ][ program disk; then press the RETURN key. If the disk in drive 2 is not a valid Apple ][ 16-sector disk, the following message ion the console is shown below in boldface ( proceeded with * here). *** Insert Apple ][ disk in drive 2 and press RETURN Put the disk containing the Applesoft BASIC program(s) to be converted into drive 2. Thi well, the first thing you will see on the screen will be the APPLECON signon message. Then APPLECON will conduct a dialog with you. 2. Answer the program's questions and observe its messages. Program output displayed the system by turning on the computer or pressing CONTROL/RESET. This master disk must stay in the built-in drive until processing has been completed. APPLECON will be automatically loaded by the system. If all goes be on 16-sector disks. To process programs stored on 13-sector disks you must first make copies of them using MUFFIN. To use APPLECON, follow these steps: 1. Put the APPLECON master disk in the built-in drive and boot RUN INSTRUCTIONS ---------------- This section gives you step by step instructions for running APPLECON. Note that the Applesoft programs being converted must ss BASIC program on your printer. 8. Make any desired modifications / corrections. 9. SAVE the modified Business BASIC program. These steps will be covered in more detail in the following section. 4. Boot up Apple /// Business BASIC from the built-in drive. 5. Read in the converted program (text file) with the EXEC command. 6. SAVE the converted program (now it's a Business BASIC program file) 7. LIST the converted BusineON from the built-in drive. 2. Put the diskette containing the Applesoft program to be converted into drive 2. Observe the messages and answer the questions. 3. Put a blank formatted disk into a drive to receive the output. soft BASIC and Business BASIC are handled by APPLECON are discussed later on in this manual. APPLECON requires two disk drives. Converting programs to Apple /// Business BASIC involves these steps: 1. Boot up APPLECthat converts Applesoft BASIC programs to Apple /// Business BASIC programs to the extent that they can be machine converted. This program will not convert any copy protected programs or diskettes. The way the differences between Applellowed by the message Press return to continue. *** Input Program Name? Reply with the name of the Applesoft BASIC program you want converted. APPLECON will search the directory of the APPLE ][ disk in drive 2 for the program name and verify that it is a BASIC program. If the file name on the APPLE ][ disk contains non-printable characters (control-A, control-B, etc.), leave them out when entering the naer than 40 sectors (the catalog shows the number of sectors for each program), the following message will be displayed after APPLECON reads the first 40 sectors: *** Your input file is too long to process in one piece. Pleann" is some error code other than any of the above. The program will then return to the mount message to give the opportunity to correct the error or to abort the run. If the input program is longal Pathname *** No Room On Disk *** Unit Not On Line *** Disk is Write-Protected *** Directory Full *** Error Code nn Where "PLECON will try to read the Apple /// disk in order to verify it before proceeding further. If any I/O errors are found, one of the following messages will appear: *** Bad Unit Number *** Illegm. *** Output file name is ----> The actual pathname that APPLECON will use is displayed, showing the .ASCI suffix tacked on the end and .D2/ possibly at the beginning. APr a suffix of .ASCI. If it does not find it, it will append .ASCI to the filename. If appending .ASCI will make the filename longer than 15 characters, up to 5 characters will be truncated from the original pathname to make roo characters. However, it is necessary for the filename to have a suffix of .ASCI so the output file produced by APPLECON will be an ASCII file that can be loaded by Apple /// BASIC with an EXEC command. APPLECON looks fo pathname can have several levels of directory and subdirectory names, separated by slashes, each of which may be up to 15 characters in length. The filename, which follows the prefix and any subdirectory names, may also have 15or prefix is supplied, ".D2/" will be prefixed to the pathname in order to put the file onto drive 2. Examples: BUDGET /MYBAS/FINANCE .D3/DUNGEON An Apple /// output device, you should insert an Apple /// disk in the appropriate drive. *** Pathname of output file? (Press just RETURN to abort) Reply with a valid APPLE /// pathname. If no drive other name. Once the Apple ][ Basic file is found, then the program says: *** Mount Apple /// output disk and press RETURN At this point, if you are going to use a floppy disk as your another name. *** Not Applesoft BASIC Program The name was found, but the file is not an Applesoft BASIC program. (It might be a data file, instead) APPLECON goes back and asks for and your program and is reading it into memory. Messages you might get instead are: *** Program not found APPLECON found no such name in the directory of the disk on drive 2. APPLECON goes back and asks forme here; these characters are skipped over so you can enter the name just as it would appear in a CATALOG listing. Next, the screen displays: *** Reading input program This indicates APPLECON founse reinsert the Apple ][ disk in drive 2 and press RETURN *** Output program will be renumbered The conversion process requires adding a number of statements to the program. This makes it necessary for APPLECON to renumber the lines in order to make everything fit. *** What starting line do you want? Reply with any line number that will allow the last line of the program to be below 6000. A numb If the Apple ][ program was fewer than 40 sectors in length, PASS 2 will run to completion without any further action on your part. If the program is longer, the following action will take place after each block of 40 sect APPLECON now makes a second pass through the program, creating the output lines, renumbering the line number references and writing out the output file. As each output line is written, its new line number is displayed. be blank as long as it is an Apple /// formatted disk and has enough room left on it for the converted program.) Then press the RETURN key to let APPLECON know it may proceed. The dialog continues: PASS 2 program was too long to process in one pass: *** Mount Apple /// output disk and press RETURN This brings us to step 3: 3. Put a blank formatted disk into drive 2 to receive the converted output. (It need not g number and increment *** New starting line? *** New increment? Reply with new starting line numbers and increments. After PASS 1 is completed, the following message is displayed if the inputther your program will fit using the starting line number and increment that you gave. If it will not, the screen will say: *** The output program will have nn lines and will be too long for your startin In the first pass APPLECON builds a line number conversion table. During the pass, it prints the original program line numbers on the screen. After finishing finishes PASS 1, the program computes whe possible DOS commands and stores any that it finds into a symbol table. PHASE 2 After building the symbol table, APPLECON makes two more passes through the program. PASS 1 you have answered all of the system prompts, APPLECON begins processing the program. APPLECON processes a program in two phases. PHASE 1 Phase 1 searches the program for STRING variables containing ot end up in the final program. To see the results of the conversion process including these lines you must look at the converted output text file with either Apple Writer /// or the Pascal Editor. Onceeasy to correlate the converted program with the original. The blank line and the original line are added without line numbers so that when they are read in by the EXEC command in Apple /// Business BASIC they will n program line (preceded by "REM /// ") will be included in the converted output immediately before the converted version of that line. Since one original line may result in several converted lines, this makes it in the program, it will ask you for a new starting line and increment. *** Do you want to see the original program lines? If you reply "Y", or "YES", a blank line followed by the original er like 10 or 100 is recommended. *** What increment do you want? Again, use a value small enough. Note, however, that if APPLECON finds out that the program will not fit after it counts the lines ors: The message: *** Remount Apple ][ disk in drive 2 and press RETURN will be displayed. After you press RETURN, the next section of the program will be read into memory and the following message will be displayed: *** Remount Apple /// disk in original drive and hit RETURN If the output disk was originally mounted in drive 2 and you remount it in drive 3, the system will get confused, andunctions are performed by direct I/O commands. APPLECON will convert Apple ][ DOS commands to Apple /// I/O commands under the following conditions: 1. The PRINT statement must contain a complete DOS command and nothing else. CALL -922 = PRINT CHR$(10) DOS commands, such as OPENing and CLOSEing files, CATALOG, etc., are handled in Applesoft with PRINT commands that include a CTRL-D in the print string. In Apple /// Business BASIC, the same f = HPOS n POKE 36,n = VPOS N POKE 32,n = WINDOW POKE 33,n = WINDOW POKE 34,n = WINDOW POKE 35,n = WINDOW CALL -936 = HOME CALL -958 = PRINT CHR$(29) CALL -868 = PRINT CHR$(31) d by a REM containing a row of dashes to indicate that some action by the user may be required. The following POKEs and CALLs will be converted if they are not part of an IF statement: POKE 21,n = OFFERR POKE 36,nBASIC. These commands will be converted to the Business BASIC equivalent by APPLECON. Some commands, such as graphics commands, are not processed by APPLECON. These commands are passed through with no changes, but will be precededs are supported by Apple /// Business BASIC. These commands will be passed through with no changes except as noted below. A few commands (FRE, HTAB, POS, VPOS) are somewhat different in Apple /// Business BASIC than in Applesoft . SAVE the modified program. Then RUN it and see if your modifications work. LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES -------------------- Most Applesoft BASIC commant graphics, machine language routines which are POKEd into memory, PEEKs which depend on the presence of Apple ][ DOS, and so on will have to be rewritten in different ways in order to run on Apple /// Business BASIC. 9ON flags statements it can't convert preceding these statements with a REM statement followed by a line of dashes. Language differences are discussed in the next section. Make any modifications necessary. Note thaed program ( it's a Business BASIC program file now ) to disk. 7. List the converted Business BASIC program on your printer. 8. Review the listed program for statements which must be manually converted. APPLECe as the name that was displayed in the Output file is ----> message when the program was converted. This will load your converted program, skipping the unnumbered lines. 6. SAVE the convert/ Business BASIC disk in the built-in drive and reboot using CONTROL/RESET. 5. Bring the converted program ( it's a text file now ) into memory by typing: EXEC where is the samnd displays the "Input program name" request. If you want to convert another program, go back to step 2. If not, remove the APPLECON disk from the built-in drive and continue with step 4. 4. Put your Apple // you may have to start over. *** Conversion complete This message indicates APPLECON has finished writing the converted output file. APPLECON is now ready to convert another program, a For example, PRINT CHR$(4);"CATALOG D2" will be converted to CATALOG .D2, but PRINT "CATALOG";CHR$(4);"CATALOG" will not be recognized as a DOS command because it does not start with a CTRL-D. The PRINT statement may be part of a simple IF statement, but the IF statement may not contain any other commands, and nothing may follow the DOS command. For example: IF A=B THEN PRINT D$ "CATALOG" ed will be used as the default. In an Apple /// program, usually drive 1 (actually it is the prefixed drive) will be used as the default. As an example, this means that your program may use drive 1 when you expected it t where subroutines are used. 6. Sometimes the same command will give different results on the Apple ][ than on the Apple ///. * If a disk drive is not specified in an Apple ][ program, the last drive usting all INPUT or PRINT commands immediately following READ or WRITE commands to PRINT# and INPUT# commands, until another DOS command is encountered. This will work for straight-line programming, but may give unexpected results commands are directed to the file specified by the READ and WRITE until a DOS command is found. Apple /// programs direct INPUT and OUTPUT with INPUT# and PRINT# commands. APPLECON attempts to duplicate this by conver/ program without modification, and will probably be correctly processed even if they are variables. 5. READ and WRITE commands are used in Apple ][ programs to redirect output to files. All subsequent PRINT and INPUTgth specifiers on OPEN commands will be added to the command. Note that slot and drive parameters will be processed correctly only if they are integers. Record number and length parameters will be passed on to the Apple //rd number parameters on READ and WRITE commands will be appended to the following PRINT# and INPUT# commands. See the note below regarding PRINT# and INPUT#. * Byte number parameters will be ignored. * Lenappended to the front of the filename. S6,D1=.D1/ S6,D2=.D2/ S5,D1=.D3/ S5,D2=.D4/ * Volume parameters will be ignored. * Position parameters will be ignored. * RecoRINT D$;"OPEN";F$ will not be. * Filenames will have all imbedded blanks removed and will be truncated to 15 characters. * Slot and drive parameters will be converted as described below and For example: D$=CHR$(4) E$="OPEN ALPHA,S6,D1,L16" PRINT D$;E$ or PRINT D$"OPEN BETA,D2" will be processed correctly, but F$="ALPHA,S6,D1,L16" PINT statement, or are defined in a single string variable, processing will be handled as described below. However, if the parameters are separated from the DOS command, they will not be correctly processed. a subroutine later in the program, A$ will not be correctly processed. 4. DOS command parameters will be processed as follows: * If the DOS command and all of its parameters appear in the string following the PR3. If a DOS command is defined as a string variable of the form A$=B$+C$+D$ where B$=CTRL-D, C$="OPEN" and D$ is a file name, both B$ and C$ must already have been defined before A$ is defined. If either B$ or C$ is defined in or IF A=B THEN C=D: PRINT D$ "CATALOG" 2. The DOS command must exist as an Apple /// I/O command. MON, NOMON, and POSITION, for example, have no Apple /// equivalents and will be flagged. o use drive 2. * When writing Applesoft programs, it appears to be common practice to OPEN a file, DELETE it, and then OPEN it again to get rid of any old copies of the file that may still exist. This does not work in Business BASIC.. If you OPEN a file, then attempt to delete it, your program will abort with a "file busy" message. You can delete a file without opening it, if the file exists. If the file does not exist, requires PASS1 to do everything that PASS2 does except the actual output. At the end of PASS1, APPLECON calculates the highest line number that will be produced in PASS2 and asks the user for a new startingogically) defined before A$ is. Phase 2 is processed in two passes. PASS1 During this pass, APPLECON calculates the number of lines that will be in the output file and builds the line number conversion table. Thismand. Strings of the form A$=CHR$(4) are also added. Strings of the form A$=B$+C$ are added if B$ is already in the table and C$ is a file name. Note, however, that only one pass is made over the data, so B$ must be physically (not l possible DOS commands. Every string variable with a definition of the form A$="xxx..." is added to the table if the first character of the string is a CTRL-D or the first three characters match the first three characters of a DOS com for the starting line and increment for the output program, then processes the input program in two phases. During Phase 1, a single pass is made through the program to build a symbol table containing string variables that containan Applesoft BASIC program, finds its track/sector list, locates the sectors on the disk, reads them into a 512-byte block and then transfers each sector into the program buffer. It then initializes several variables, asks the usersary. HOW APPLECON WORKS ------------------ APPLECON reads a 16-sector Apple ][ disk with UNITREAD, searches the directory for the specified program, verifies that it is ft does not require blank spaces to delimit keywords. Business BASIC does. For example, "IFAORBTHENGOSUB10" is legal in Applesoft but must be written "IF A OR B THEN GOSUB 10" in Business BASIC. APPLECON adds spaces where necesoutput. The output file from APPLECON is loaded by Apple /// using the EXEC command instead of the LOAD command. It can then be run with the RUN command and/or saved as a binary file with the SAVE command. 2. Appleso Apple ][ uses 2-byte pointers where Apple /// uses 1-byte pointers, and the tokens that are used for keywords are different in the two systems. APPLECON handles this problem by producing ASCII output instead of binary ill be left to the user. In addition to the special cases noted previously, there are a couple of general differences between Applesoft BASIC and Apple /// Business BASIC: 1. The binary record formats are different in that * Writing more than one field into the same record in Business BASIC requires that all of the fields be included in the same print command. Combining PRINT commands in this manner is beyond the scope of APPLECON and wwill go to that file (if the record is big enough). In Businss BASIC, the record is defined in the PRINT# statement and every PRINT# writes to the beginning of the record, overlaying any data previously written. your program will abort with a "file not found message." * In an Apple ][ program, if you write to a random access file, you can define the record number in the WRITE statement and all subsequent PRINT data line number and increment if the highest line number would exceed 59999. PASS2 During this pass, APPLECON starts over at the beginning of the program buffer and reprocesses the program, renumbering all line number references and writing each line out to the output file (using WRITELN) as it is processed. to do everything that PASS2 does except the actual output. At the end of PASS1, APPLECON calculates the highest line numb(J)=A$(I),1,31)!J/2<>J/2)=4:=+1:ۙ=44B$(J);:J=J+1I:1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:8A$(1000),B$(1000),C%(511),C$(20),name$(20):=10:=0UCA=128:LCA=UCA+32CT=15 IF PREFIX$= PREFIX$+MID$(B$(I),=?@ABCDEVOLUME NAME (/DISKNAME) OR DEVICE NAME (.Dx)"P12);::"80C";a$;:Zb$="CHANGING DISKS"$d=23:=0::"80C";b$;::12).n=12:=20:"MAKE A NEW MENU FOR DISK: ";N$xN$)<2110=N$ :210 I=1L(A$(I),A$))200B$0 WAP /// SIG MENU.MAKER PROGRAM (v. 6.2) =".D1"210: Coldstart (320: Warmstart &*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1 CHANGE DISK SUBROUTINE23œ202:2200<RFa$=" YOU MAY SELECT YOUR DISK BY HER SUBROUTINEnSLOW=110xFLASH/2=FLASH/2):۴ =11:=07 FLASH$ SLOW FLASH:".d1/Menu.Maker"5 WAP /// SIG HELLO PROGRAM. UPDATED 4/12/89 DGO :#1,".D1/hello.text" ž#170 (#1;ERIN$ 2ERIN$<40F#1/P=23:=25:"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.":G$U-Z#2,".D1/FLASHNAME.DAT":#2;FLASH$:#2%dFLASH=110: FLAS The actual program itself is on Side Two. Both sides are bootable. This program may also be of interest to Apple //GS users who are working with Business BASIC's new, more powerful sister, GS BASIC. As always, your comments and suggestioooting Pascal: Side 2 This disk contains AppleCon, a program that allows you, within certain limits, to convert Apple // Applesoft programs into Apple /// Business Basic programs. The instructions and other information are on Side One.9;0 WELCOME! Public Domain Library Disk # 1016 A/B Category : Applesoft => Business BASIC Conversion Disk Format: Self-booting Business Basic: Side 1 Self-b /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// SIG, Washington Apple Pi 12022 Parklawn Drive Rockville, MD. 20852 (301)-984-030er that will be produced in PASS2 and asks the user for a new starting line number and increment if the highest line number would exceed 59999. PASS2 During this pass, APPLECON starts over at the beginning of 16,B) THEN 240 #1, d$="":=10:"80C";d$ ž#1300I=0"I=I+1:#1;A$(I):290,#1 6L=I-1@j=1:same=0 J:SEG=0 Tœ2030^CT<1CT=1cCT>13000Zha$="{,|,~,}; selects; to new disk; G$:::320H: Error Routine 202:U=11:"79C";"BAD PATH ERROR (NO DISK IN DISK DRIVE OR DESIRED FILE NOT FOUND.)"X=11000:X:::210Z a$="{,|,~,}; selects; back 1 lev 1600 &:WW=1:0 :SEG=1;".D1/S EG.F" SEG=1".D1/SEG.G"diskname$=3802  CATCH PASCAL TEXT FILES 202 :F*=08:"78C";"SORRY BUT MENU.MAKER CAN'T READ PASCAL TEXT FILES."04=10:"M$="NOVEMBER":1750M$="DECEMBER":1750826);"-";M$;" ";Ѡ,2));", ";"19";Р,2);" ";/П,2))=>13П,2))-12;џ,6);:1780$П,2))=0"12";џ,6);:ٟ;$П,2))=>12" PM-":" AM-" 1830WW=1530 =26:=211660,1670,1680,1690,1700,1710,1720,1730,1740^M$="JANUARY":1750hM$="FEBRUARY":1750rM$="MARCH":1750|M$="APRIL":1750M$="MAY":1750M$="JUNE":1750M$="JULY":1750M$="AUGUST":1750M$="SEPTEMBER":1750M$="OCTOBER":1750T 0")2070H540R\A$="RUNNING "+B$(I),16,B)f"79C";A$;:=0pB$(I),16,B) z::SEG=1".D1/SEG.T"t=+B$(I),16,B) yCT=CT+1~240:=24:=0:"@ ..... "DATE.TIME.LINE" ....JM=Ҡ,4,2))BTM1630,1640,1650,0=+IBOTM/2-.5):I=IBOTM:I/2=I/2)I=I-1 œ2120B=B$(I),16)," ")-1 B$(I),"BASIC 0")850B$(I),"TEXT 0")890 B$(I),"CAT 0")1140*B$(I),"FONT 0")18504B$(I),"FOTO 0")1930>B$(I),"PASTXB$(I);v:520: 500THPOS=4:I/2=I/2)I=I-1I=IBOTM THPOS=44:I/2<>I/2)I=I+1I2=-1:I=I-2:IBOTM<30THPOS=44I=IBOTM/2)*2:=+IBOTM/2)-1:CA)"PRINT.ALL": OA+P 3HA=(81+UCA)A=(81+LCA):::: OA+Q Quits 3IA=(83+LCA)A=(83+UCA)"PRINT.SHOW": OA+S 2JA=(68+LCA)A=(68+UCA)/Screen.Savers/HELLON=THPOS:B$(I);XA<8A>11540bA-7640,660,690,720l:=THPOS:ٺ1600 =Q:WW=0A=:A=21A=9&oldprefix$=40A=31410: Control C "aborts" program to Basic(:A=13770: Return Selects a file *DA=27:50: Escape to change disks/FA=324000: back out one directory level 3GA=(80+UCA)A=(80+L"BASIC 0":150A$="TEXT 0":150A$="CAT 0":150A$="FONT 0":150A$="FOTO 0":150A$(L),"BLOCKS")510*=27:=19:"FREE MEMORY AVAILABLE: ";=7:=20:"80C";A$(L);$:=5:THPOS=4:I=1:IBOTM=J-1:620Q=:=26:=21:ness BASIC. You must generally find out what their purpose was in the original program and program the same thing in Business BASIC. -From the SOSTRAN Manual The following is a list of POKEs, PEEKs and CALLs froBTVSPLH   5"ʘ HH` (# (=  0`)aI88  >!SHOLES 1!1!2@23#3#4$4$5%5%6^67&7&8*8*9(9(0)0)-_-=+=+\|QWERTYUI OP[{]}`~`~ASDFGHJ K L ;:;:'"'"ZXCVBNM ,<,<.>.>/?/?d0hp00000>0# #0~$ <"<"""<< <"""<"><$""< """"  "" 6***""""""""""<""< :< $"""2,"""""**6"""""< >>>>> ""*:<"">""""""""""""">>><2"<""">""" ""  ">"6**"""""&*2""""""""""""*,"" "" ">""""""""""""""**6"""""""> >>>xrIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcGA7  3  5  >>< (&20 *, **>> "2*&" " >>  ">> "8""> """"""< SOS DRVR"CUSTOM.3 )((8*,;((*,((+)((9/(p((>3  =9 :9 .(~|L|LNqooGoDDDcc0ccpc]]c"QM"|@@pAATT**|m Applesoft that you might encounter while trying to convert from that language to Business BASIC or GS BASIC. 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Please address them to the Co-Chairmen. men. eginning of a series of POKES used to set up a machine-language subroutine to clear up a problem with error handling. : POKE 768,104:POKE 769,168:POKE 773,154:POKE 774,72:POKE 775,152:POKE 776,96:CALL 768 Remove from your Business BASIC program. POally make listings un-readable, with the exceptions of X=64 OR 192. (X=63 IS ALL "?" IN LIST). To fix it, just POKE 243,0. POKE 230,32 Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%1) POKE 230,64 Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE %1,%2) POKE 768,104 B POKE 214,0 {$D6} Cancels the Applesoft "RUN ONLY" mode. POKE 216,0 {$D8} Resets the Applesoft error flag. Disable "ONERR GOTO". (That is, it turns off error trapping.) Use OFF ERR POKE 243,X {$F3} Where X=1 TO 255 this POKE will usug to video blanks. POKE 51,0 {$33} Defeat 'NOT DIRECT' command sometimes. POKE 72,0 {$39} Resets the Status Register. POKE 214,128 {$D6} Turns Applesoft into 'RUN ONLY' mode. USED FOR PROTECTING SOME PROGRAMS. inting! 1200 NEXT SLOW:NEXT FLASH 1220 NORMAL:GOTO 150 1230 FLASH$="Insert Message of Your Choice Here" 1240 GOSUB 1150 POKE 50,255 {$32} Sets NORMAL VIDEO Mode Same as NORMAL in Business Basic. POKE 50,128 {$32} To make letters goin27 {$32} Sets FLASH Mode Try this subroutine in Business Basic: 1150 FOR FLASH=1 TO 10:REM FLASHER SUBROUTINE 1160 FOR SLOW=1 TO 10 1170 IF FLASH/2=INT(FLASH/2) THEN INVERSE:ELSE NORMAL 1180 PRINT FLASH$: REM set Hpos and Vpos here before prSets Cursor Horizontal Position. Use VPOS=X+1. POKE 37,X {$25} Sets Cursor Vertical Position. Use VPOS=X+1 POKE 48,X {$30} Sets color for LORES graphics. POKE 50,63 {$32} Sets INVERSE Mode Use INVERSE. POKE 50,1ts width of text window. (1-40 NORMAL=40) See Poke 32,X. POKE 34,X {$22} Sets top of text window. (0-23 NORMAL=0) See Poke 32,X. POKE 35,X {$23} Sets bottom of text window. (0-23 NORMAL=23) See Poke 32,X. POKE 36,X {$24} as an 80 column screen, the text should be reformatted anyway, and the text window can be adjusted accordingly. When converting the numbers above, keep in mind that the Apple // window starts at 0 while the Apple /// window starts at 1. POKE 33,X {$21} Se all four of the window parameters. There is no easy way to set just one of them. This, however will not usually cause a problem as it is not too difficult to determine all of the window parameters, even if only one is changed. Also, since the Apple /// hTA BASE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- POKE 32,X {$20} Sets left side of text window. (0-39 NORMAL=0) This and the next four pokes set up the text window. Business Basic has a statement, WINDOW, which setso make a total of 15) This can also be done under Quickfile, since that program allows up to 15 categories as well. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- DELETE THE INFORMATION ABOVE THE LINE TO CREATE YOUR DAe, like "POKE." Create a new data base under /// EZ Pieces, choosing the "from a TEXT (ASCII) file" selection. Indicate 15 categories. The Category names should be: COMMAND LOCATION,VALUE ACTION - - - CONVERSION NOTES (then spaces to the bottom tKE 1010,102 Makes POKE 1012,112 {$3F2/3F3/3F4} Reset run. POKE 1011,213 Makes POKE 1012,112 {$3F2/3F3/3F4} Reset run. POKE 1014,165 {$3F6} Will Make & List. POKE 1015,214 {$3F7} Will Make & List. POKE 1014,10 {$3F6} Will Make & Catalog. POKE 1015,165 {$3F7} Will Make & Catalog. POKE 43624,X {$AA68} Where X=1 or 2. Will set/change the current drive to X. (SAME AS ADR -21912). POKE 43626,X {$AA6A} Where X=0 thru 7. Will set/charor which caused an ONERR to be taken. Same effect as X=ERRLIN, but different error numbers are used in AppleSoft and Business BASIC. PEEK (36/$24) Read Cursor Horizontal Position (VALUES 0-39). PEEK (37/$25) Read Cursor Vertical Posite in the program the error occured. But if it is a syntax error, which could be caused by mistyping, the line helps in debugging. (Nibble Magazine).. For Business BASCI Conversion: Use X=ERRLIN PEEK (222/$DE) Returns error code which identifies the erPEEK (218/$DA)+PEEK(219/$DB)*256 Applesoft line number where an error occured if an ONERR was taken. For Example: PEEK(218)+256*PEEK(219) tells you the program line where the error was encountered. When a disk error occurs, it usually doesn't matter wher PEEK (115/$73)+PEEK(116/$74)*256 Current Applesoft HIMEM. PEEK (175/$AF)+PEEK(176/$B0)*256 : Pointer to Applesoft program. PEEK (202/$CA)+PEEK(203/$CB)*256 Returns memory location of 1ST line of Integer program. n Slot 7,Disk motor only. PEEK (74/$4A)+PEEK(75/$4B)*256 Current LOMEM. PEEK (76/$4C)+PEEK(77/$4D)*256 Current Integer HIMEM. RNDPEEK (78/$4E)+PEEK(79/$4F)*256) Provides 'TRUE' random number generation in Applesoft. e from Business BASIC program. POKE -16152,0 {$C0E8} : Turns Slot 6 motor off. POKE -16151,0 {$C0E9} Turns on Slot 6, Disk motor only. POKE -16136,0 {$C0F8} : Turns Slot 7 motor off. POKE -16135,0 {$C0F9} Turns o page 2. USE PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%2):PERFORM GRAFIXON POKE -16298,0 {$C056} : Clears HIRES Graphics Mode and returns to text mode. Low resolution graphics can't be done on the ///. POKE -16297,0 {$C057} Sets HIRES GR Mode. Remov. The Apple /// doesn't have this mode so you will need to decide on one the /// can use. POKE -16300,0 {$C054} Switches from page two to page one. Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%1):PERFORM GRAFIXON POKE -16299,0 {$C055} : Sets display to POKE -16303,0 {$C051} Switches from graphics to text mode. Use PRINT CHR$(15) POKE -16302,0 {$C052} Clears Mixed Graphics Mode. Remove from the Business BASIC program. POKE -16301,0 {$C053} Sets Mixed Graphics Mode. (4 lines of text)NOTE: From POKE -163040,0 through POKE -16297,0 all manipulate graphics mode in the //. On the ///, you will have to have INVOKED BGRAF.INV and initialized it. Also, the value POKED does not matter, and PEEKS to the same address will do the same thing. Peek (-16336) To convert, you will have to use Business BASIC's .AUDIO driver. POKE -16304,0 {$C050} Sets Color GR mode; Switches screen from text to color graphics mode without clearing the screen. Best approximation here is PERFORM GRAFIXON. AA68} To select disk driver on a 48K system without actually executing a command. POKE -20940,96 {$AE34} To omit page pause for a calalog. POKE -16368,0 {$C010} Clear Keyboard. POKE -16336,0 {$C030} Toggle Speaker. Also: ADD9} Shows up deleted files in the catalog. POKE 44506,234 {$ADDA} Normalize with 48 and 74 in the same locations (same as -21031 & -21030). POKE 47617,12 {$BA01} Speeds disk access (same as ADR -17919). POKE -21912,X {$nge the current slot to X. (SAME AS ADR -21910). POKE 43698,X {$AAB2} Where X=ASCII of DOS CMND character. For example POKE 43698,64 would make @ the DOS CMND character. Normally it is a CTRL-D (same as ADR -21838). POKE 44505,234 {$ion (VALUES 0-23). PEEK (-21902/$AA72)+PEEK(-21901/$AA73) *256 To find starting address of last BLOADED program or data. PEEK (43702/$AAB6) Returns the language that is active. (0=INT 64=FP 128=FP on tape or disk) (Same as ADR-21834). PEEK (46064/$B3F0) Returns the number of sectors on disk currently being used (16 = DOS 3.3 13 = DOS 3.2) (Same as ADR -19472). PEEK (-18070/$B96A) If 150 is returned then you are using DOS 3.3. This PEEK works for both Applesoft & T) one space. CALL -998 {$FC1A} Move Cursor up one line. CALL -958 {$FC42} Clear screen from Cursor to lower right corner of the screen. (Same as Escape F...clears to end of screen). Use Print CHR$(29) CALL -936 {$FC59} ClFB60} Clear screen (HOME) and print Apple ][. CALL -1052 {$FBE4} Beep Apple speaker for 1/10 second. Use PRINT CHR$(7) CALL -1036 {$FBF4} Move Cursor forward (RIGHT) one space. CALL -1008 {$FC10} Move Cursor backward (LEFblack. CALL -1994 {$F836} Clear top 20 lines to @ if in Text Mode. If in LORES clears screen to black. CALL -1953 {$F85f} Increment LO-RES color by three. CALL -1370 {$FAA6} Re-Boots disk system. CALL -1184 {$LCOLOR (%c): PERFORM FILLPORT (see HCOLOR for the correct value for c. It should be the same as the last PENCOLOR to have the same effect as CALL -3082) CALL -2458 {$F666} Enter Mini Assembler. CALL -1998 {$F832} Clears LO-RES screen to ngs) by Basic to keep track of For-Next loops and Gosub-Return combinations. (Nibble Magazine...) Remove from your Business BASIC program. CALL -3086 Use PERFORM FILLPORT (assuming the fillcolor is Black). CALL -3082 Use PERFORM FILEGER Basic "CON" command. CALL -3305 {$F317} Resume from Applesoft ONERR. CALL -3288 Fixes up the stack so that a program can continue without a RESUME statement. The stack is a special 256-byte area of memory used (among other thi484} Do Applesoft Garbage Collection Routine. CALL -6090 {$E836} Run Integer Basic. CALL -3727 {$F171} Turn on INTEGER Basic Trace. CALL -3722 {$F176} Turn off INTEGER Basic Trace. CALL -3318 {$F317} EXEC INTo the HCOLOR last HPLOTTED. Must be preceded by a HPLOT (Same as -3082). CALL -23186 {$A56E} To catalog disk. CALL -9477 {$DAFB} Output a carriage return. CALL -8117 {$E04B} List INTEGER Basic. CALL -7036 {$ED683} Cleans stack. Does away with 'OUT OF MEMORY' error when you really have memory left. (Same as ADR -10621). CALL 62450 {$F3F2} Clear current HIRES screen to black. (Same as -3086). CALL 62454 {$F3F6} Clear current HIRES screen t063) Read PDL(2) switch. If value >127 = Swithc On. Use X=BUTTON (2) CALL 768 Remove from your Business BASIC program. CALL 976 {$3D0} Re-Connect DOS. CALL 1002 {$3EA} To reconnect DOS I/O hooks. CALL 54915 {$ess BASIC, you must use the .AUDIO driver. PEEK (-16287/$C061) Read PDL(0) switch. If value >127 = Switch On. Use X=BUTTON (0) PEEK (-16286/$C062) Read PDL(1) switch. If value >127 = Switch On. Use X=BUTTON (1) PEEK (-16285/$Cressing a key. In Business BASIC, this is best handled using the ON KBD statement. PEEK (-16352/$C020) Toggles the cassette output port. PEEK (-16336/$C030) Toggle the speaker once for every two PEEKS. Also: POKE -16336,0 To convert to Businteger BASCI statement: 1000 A=PEEK(-16384):IF A<128 THEN 1000: POKE -16368,0 could be written in Business BASIC as: 1000 GET A$: A=ASC(A$) + 128 These locations can also be used in either Applesoft or Integer BASIC to allow a program to be interupted by pInteger. PEEK (-16384/$C000) Read keyboard. If value is >127 then a key was pressed. This PEEK should be followed by a POKE-16368,0. These locations are used to simulation a GET statement, which integer BASIC does not have. For example this Inear screen (HOME). Use HOME in Business Basic. CALL -926 {$FC62} Send Carriage Return and Linefeed to screen. CALL -922 {$FC66} Move Cursor down one line without changing Horizontal Position. (Same as Control J...Line Feed) Use PRINT CHR$(10) CALL -912 {$FC70} Move all text in window up one line. CALL -868 {$FC9C} Clear Cursor to end of line. (Same as escape E) Use Print CHR$(31) CALL -856 {$FCA8} Time delay. POKE 69,XX to set amount of delay. using System Utilities.) SOSTRAN is now in the WAP PD - as disk 3UTL-52. Hardware Differences: Must be taken into consideration. The Apple /// can display 80 characters across the screen while the Apple // can only display 40, which can cau ple // Pascal, Pilot or DOS tool kit to a SOS font file. It will also convert Applesoft and Integer Basic files to Pascal or Business Basic text files.)(Remember ProDos and SOS volumes are formatted the same and that files can be transfered easily SOME ADDITIONAL CONVERSION NOTES -TAKEN FROM THE SOSTRAN MANUAL (SOSTRAN is a utility that makes your Apple software compatible to your work load. It can transfer Pascal text files or SOS ASCII files to DOS text files. Or it can move fonts from Ap numbers, this program will permit a screen text printout whenever a keyboard input is allowed. Use the KEYPAD NUMBERS for this command. You will see a letter at the upper right screen position indicating your selection. Except for programs which have redefined the use of the keypaden to your printer. Use Control-1 to request screen text printout. Control-2 will toggle from normal to condensed size print. (if you have an Apple DMP) A QUICK NOTE: Included with your SOS.Driver file is the Attach.Driver. An explanation of how to use it follows: The "ATTACH" Driver will let you send a copy of what you see on the scre$FF69} Enter Monitor without BELL. CALL -144 {$FF70} Scan and execute contents of Keyboard Buffer at $200. Note: If using Applesoft do not use this call with a GOSUB. essage and BEEP speaker. CALL -198 {$FF3A} BEEP speaker. Use PRINT CHR$(7) CALL -167 {$FF59} Enter Monitor and set Text Mode. Functions the same as RESET. CALL -155 {$FF65} Enter Monitor with BELL. CALL -151 { CALL -756 {$FD0C} Wait for key press. CALL -384 {$FE80} Set Inverse Video Mode. CALL -380 {$FE84} Set Normal Video Mode. CALL -321 {$FEBF} Display the A,X,Y,P and S Registers. CALL -211 {$FF2D} Print ERR mse screen formatting problems. One solution is to put the Apple /// into 40 column mode. A better solution is to redo the statements which display text on the screen. The Apple /// can easily accept lower case characters from the user while the Apple // uses only upper case. Programs written for the Apple // may not expect lower case, and thus give unexpected results when it is used. Note also, there are major differences in the // GS that that version of BASIC can address but which the, and the Business BASIC INVOKE statement used. BSAVE This DOS command saves binary data from memory to disk. If the memory being saved is a hi-res screen image, use SOSTRAN or Graphics Manager to convert it to a SOS FOTO frted to SOS FOTO files with SOSTRAN or with On Three's Graphics Manager. BRUN This DOS command loads a machine language program from a disk in memory and runs it. This program must be converted to an invokable module which must be converted to an invokable module for use with Business BASIC, or a high-resolution screen image, which is easily converted to a GLOAD in the BGRAF invokable module. Screen images can be conveDoes not exist in Integer BASIC. AUTO: An integer BASIC command with no counterpart in the other BASICs. BLOAD: This DOS command loads a binary file from disk into memory. It is often used either to load a machine language subroutine,I value of its argument. In Integer BASIC,the value has 128 added to it, but not in the other BASICS. Business BASIC returns the value -1 if the argument is null, but the other BASICs give an error in this case. ATN(): mplete list. But it will give you a point from which to start. ABS: No conversion needed. APPEND: A DOS command which allows a program to extend a disk file. In Business BASIC, use OPEN #N AS EXTENSION. ASC(): Returns the ASCI mode before listing the program. PEEK, POKE and CALL Please see separate file on converting these instructions. /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// SOME EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES NOTE: This is NOT a command, which generally has the effect of moving the cursor to an arbitrary location on the screen. If you suspect that a hidden control character is in a program, hold down the Control key and "8" on the keypad to turn on Display Control Charactersn immediately after the first quote. When the program is listed from Applesoft or Integer BASIC, the Control-D is simply not printed. If this is done from Business BASIC, the Apple /// .CONSOLE driver interprets it as a "Restore Viewport" co printed by the program which begins with control-D is interpreted as a disk command. IN some programs the variable D$ is set to Control-D, so disk commands generally appear as PRINT D; "command." However, in other programs, the control-D is typed iiles: Are done differently in Business BASIC than in the Apple // BASICS. Commands are built into Business BASIC to use the disk easily, while Applesoft and Integer BASIC actually use PRINT statements for disk operations. Essentially, any linein Applesoft or Integer BASIC requires a separate character generator, such as Apple's HRCG (supplied with the DOS tool kit) or Higher Text. Again note here that the GS has a Super Hi-Res graphics mode not available in other //s or the ///. Disk FBASIC or GS BASIC. The Apple /// also has no mixed text and graphics modes, which do exist on the Apple //. However, the graphics package for the Apple /// allows easy display of text on the graphics screen. Display of text on the graphics screen ///s version can not. Graphics: Are totally different. The Apple /// has no graphics mode equivalent to the Apple // LO-RES graphics mode, so it is impossible to convert Applesoft or Integer BASIC programs using this mode directly to Business ile. CALL: Please see separate file on this command. CHAIN Available only Integer BASIC and BB. Will run a different program without affecting the program variables. It may be simulated in Applesoft by using the CHAIN program supplied with the DOS system. The syntax for CHAINING is different in the three BASICs and the filename may have to be changed. CHR$ () This function converts a number to a character is the same in BB and Applesof White HGR This Applesoft statement initializes high-resolution graphics. It can be simulated in Business BASIC by using the BGRAF invokable module and changing HGR to PERFORM INITGRAFIX:PERhite 4 0 Black 5 9 Orange 6 3 Purple 7 15 0 0 Black 1 12 Green 2 6 Blue 3 15 Wule, and changing the HCOLOR=a command to PERFORM PENCOLOR (%b), where a is the Applesoft color number and b the Business BASIC color number. Applesoft Business BASIC Color cs mode in Applesoft and Integer BASIC. There is no equivalent in Business BASIC. HCOLOR This Applesoft statement sets the color for high-res plotting. It can be simulated in Business BASIC by using the bgraf invokable mod using On...GOSUB. GOTO As with GOSUB, this command expects a constant line number in BB and Applesoft. On...GOTO can sometimes be used to convert from Integer BASIC if a variable is used. GR Enters low resolution graphimessage. There is no GET command in Integer BASIC, but it can be simulated with PEEKS and POKES. GOSUB The same in all three BASICS. Integer BASIC allows variables to be used, however which may sometimes be converted. No equivalent in Integer BASIC. GET Behaves the same in Applesoft and BB unless a numeric variable is used and a non-numeric character is pressed, in which case BB will assign the number 0 and Applesoft will give an error originally published in ON THREE and contained in the WAP /// SIG's Menu.Maker program. fp A DOS command with no BB counterpart. FRE In BB, - a "read-only" variable and no argument may be given like Applesoft requires same, but Applesoft does not allow integer variables to be the index. FLASH This AppleSoft command makes subsequent text output to the screen blink. To implement in Business Basic, you will have to use a subroutinee in Applesoft only. No equivalent in Business BASIC. DSP Delete from your BB program. END Halts execution in all three BASICS. EXEC As with DELETE, syntax is different. EXP() Does not exist in Integer BASIC. FOR Almost theent since it is a DOS command on the Apple // and is not used in PRINT in BB. Also, the legal file names are different on the different machines. DIM Different in Integer BASIC. See "STRINGS" above. DRAW Draws a shapteger BASIC. DATA Does not exist in Integer BASIC. DEF FN Watch legal variable names when converting. Doesn't exist in Integer BASIC. DEL Translates fine. DELETE Deletes a file in all three BASICS. The syntax is differt. It does not exist in Integer Basic. CLEAR Clears variables in a program. in Integer BASIC it is called CLR. COLOR No equivalent in BB. CONT Continues execution of a halted program. CON in Integer BASIC. COS Does not exist in InFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%p):PERFORM FILLPORT:PERFORM GRAFIXON, where p is 1 for HGR and 2 for HGR2. Notice this does not perfectly simulate HGR. The Apple /// has no mixed text and graphics modes. Displaying text on the screen is easy. Check you Business BASIC manual. HGR2 This Applesoft statement is similar to HGR, except it indicates the second graphics page. HIMEM These commands are needed for memory management in Applesoft and in BB. & This Applesoft statement is similar to CALL 1013 and is an alternate method of calling machine language subroutines. Not yet available in GS BASIC. method of calling machine language subroutines. Nott format. VERIFY Has no counterpart in BB. VLIN Has no counterpart in BB. VTAB Converts to VPOS= in BB. WRITE Implement this Applesoft command in BB with PRINT#, WRITE# or OUTPUT# commands. XDRAW Has no counterpart Does different things in Applesoft and BB. SCALE sets the scale factor for the DRAW command. There is no equivalent for this in Business BASIC. In BB, SCALE is used with the PRINT USING statement to specify an outpus and files. The OUTPUT# command may be helpful when converting. ROT Has no equivalent in BB. RND This function returns a random number in Applesoft and Integer BASIC. In BB, use: INT (RND (0)*(n-1)). SCALE BB, a record number may be included in INPUT# and PRINT# statements to achieve a similar result. PR# This DOS command directs the output to some other device. This facility is handled in BB through device drivere changed, since the error numbers and the way they are determined are different. PEEK/POKE Please see separate file. PLOT There is no equivalent to this in BB. POSITION This DOS command is used to access random positions in a file. In used for debugging and can be removed when converting. ON ERR Error handling is more general in BB than in Applesoft, but the Applesoft ON ERR GOTO should work in BB. But the error handling routine will have to bsiness BASIC. INT() The function to take the integer part of a number is the same in Applesoft and Business BASIC. No equivalent in Integer BASIC. LOMEM Remove when converting to Business BASIC. MON Has no BB equivalent. Mostly.. INPUT Inputting data from the user is similar in the three BASICs, but each has some variations. For us, BB allows both comma or semi-colon between the optional prompt string and the variables. INT No equivalent in Buin Applesoft and Business BASIC. In Integer BASIC, it is a bit different: The Integer BASIC statement IF exp THEN statement can be expressed in Business BASIC as IF exp THEN statement1: ELSE statement2: statement3: HPLOT x,y = PERFORM DOTAT (%x,%(191-y)) HPLOT to x,y = PERFORM LINETO 95x,%(191-y)) HTAB Converts to HPOS= in Business BASIC. It's equal to TAB in Integer BASIC. IF Behaves almost exactly the same There is a slight difference in the numbering of pixels on the screen: Applesoft places location (0,0) in the TOP left corner while BB places (0,0) in the BOTTOM left corner. Some possible conversions include Integer BASIC. No equivalent in Business BASIC. HOME Erases the screen in Applesoft and Business BASIC. Integer BASIC equivalent is CALL -936. HPLOT Use the BGRAF invokable module to simulate this Applesoft command. Integer BASIC. Business BASIC manages its memory automatically so this command is not needed - it may be removed from the programs you are converting. HLIN Plots a horizontal line in low-res graphics mode in Applesoft and yet available in GS BASIC. . ethod of calling machine language subroutines. Not yet available in GS BASIC.