LBSOS KRNLI/O ERRORFILE 'SOS.KERNEL' NOT FOUNDINVALID KERNEL FILExةw,@  4  J  ȱ⩤i8#) ) 8Le WAP /// SIG PD LIBRARY DISK 3UTL-53 SOSTRAN - File Conversion Utility Edited Manual - Not every word has been transcribed and there has been some editing as well. Note that this program was designed to work between DOS 3.3 and SOS primarily - it will ?LOGOFF"-READ.ME.FIRSTrc;/ *HELLO.TEXTK)PRINT.ALL N%SEG.T SjŸ/ *SOS.INTERP W4ke! *SOS.KERNEL ,V!a.SOSTRAN.REVIEWIII.UTL.066u' .SOSTRAN.MANUALN4c**MENU.MAKER # J9^*SOS.DRIVER -49ZDISKNAME.DATG;FLASHNAME.DATHG;w HELLO Im#im#iЛ#Lȱ  6L憦  Lsmm l y` @8(Je稽 ʈalso transfer to ProDos disks but will probably not be able to make conversions of newer type files (like AppleWorks/3EZ Pieces). But try it and see - you might get lucky (just do it on a copy!!!). NOTE: That there is a complete SOSTRAN Manual in the WAP   !written for the Apple // will usually not run on the /// without revision. This revision is best done by modifying the source code, so SOSTRAN will not perform any special conversions on machine code programs. Hi-res graphics screen images (also known aThis type of file is created with a DOS 3.3 "BSAVE" command and contains binary data. Since it is so general, many things can be stored in this format, such as machine code programs, graphics images and character sets (or "fonts"). Machine code programs , so SOSTRAN will always reset it. It this question is answered Yes, bit 7 will be reset to zero as the file is converted. If this question is answere no, no changes will be made. This question should generally be answered Yes. DOS 3.3 B (binary) File , the file will be converted to a Pascal TEXT file. If No, the file will be converted to a SOS ASCII file. Zero bit 7? This question is asked ONLY if the above question was answered No. Pascal TEXT files always expect bit 7 to be zerok first THEN hav SOSTRAN do the conversion. DOS 3.3 T (text) File This type of file is created with the DOS 3.3 "Open" Command. When the source file is a DOS 3.3 T file, the following questions are asked: Convert to TEXT file? If Yesks and Apple // Pascal Disks. Finally, there will be no conversions between ProDos and SOS disks since they are also compatible file formats (that means if you have an Applesoft program on a ProDos disk and want to convert it - move it to a DOS 3.3 disto another DOS 3.3 disk, but no conversions will be done - the file will be copied exactly as is and no questions will be asked. Also, since Apple /// Pascal is capable of using Apple // Pascal disks directly, little distinction is made between SOS dis the data in a file from an Apple // to an Apple /// disk or vice versa, SOSTRAN can change the data as it is being transfered to make it compatible ith the format of other files. Please note that SOSTRAN is capable of copying a file from a DOS 3.3 disk go. Finally, SOSTRAN will examine the source file and determine what conversions may be performed by it. You may be asked several questions. Answer with "Y" or "N" as needed. SECTION 4 - File Conversions Supported by SOSTRAN Besides physically movinge names of a file on a disk (either Apple // DOS or /// SOS/BOS select the Option L from the main menu. - Converting a file Select Option C from the main menu. Enter a file name. SOSTRAN will ask for the name of the file where the converted file is to nd SOS volumes are formatted the same and that files can be transfered easily using System Utilities.) SECTION 3 - Using SOSTRAN - How to Specify Names File names are specidied in SOSTRN in the standard SOS/BOS Format. - Listing a Catalog To list thtext files or SOS ASCII files to DOS text files. Or it can move fonts from Apple // Pascal, Pilot or DOS tool kit to a SOS font file. It will also convert Applesoft and Integer Basic files to Pascal or Business Basic text files.)(Remember ProDos aLibrary, if you need it for further research. Editing completed 11/1/93 by : Dave Ottalini WAP /// SIG Co-Chairman (it took awhile!) PREFACE SOSTRAN is a utility that makes your Apple software compatible to your work load. It can transfer Pascal s "FOTO files" or "picture files" are a common way of storing pictures on the disk. They ca be created by such picture editors as the Apple Graphics Tablet, Dazzle Draw, or Print Shop (the original version). The Apple // graphics screen is slightly differnt than the Apple /// graphics screen when the latter is in mode 0 or 1, and SOSTRAN can convert them easily. Character sets or fonts are often used to place text on the hi resolution scren along with graphics. There were a number of Apple // DOS font ps notone of the types previously described, SOSTRAN will not perform any special conversions on the file, but will transfer it no modifications. The only common type which falls into this category is the R (relocatable machine code) file. Apple // machinhis question is answered Yes, the file will be converted into a Pascal Text file. If No, it will be converted into a SOS ASCII Text file. This question is normally answered No. OTHER DOS 3.3 FILES If the type of a DOS 3.3 file i edited as any other text file. If No, then the file will be converted with no changes made to it. This question is usually answered Yes. Convert to TEXT file? Asked only if you answered Yes on the previous question. If t- convert them to a readable, usable format) if desired. If the source file is a DOS 3.3 A or I file, the following questions will be asked: Untokenize? If Yes, then the file will be converted to a text file, whcih may be often called "tokenized" since "Tokens" or keywords such as PRINT and INPUT are stored using only one character in the file. The formats of these files are generally usable only by Applesoft or Integer Basic, but SOSTRAN can "untokenize" them (that is conver the font to an Apple /// FONT file. DOS 3.3 A (Applesoft) or I (Integer BASIC) File These types of files are created with the DOS 3.3 "SAVE" command. They contain a program written in either Applesoft or Integer Basic in a special format,le. CONVERT to Apple PILOT Font? This will be asked if the above two questions were answered Yes AND the destination is an Apple // Pascal formatted disk (which Apple PILOT can also use.) Answer NO if you want SOSTRAN to color composit or RGB monitor.) DOS Tool Kit Character Set? If the file could have been made with the DOS Tool Kit editor Animatrix, then this question will be asked. Yes converts the file to an Apple /// FONT fi only if the above question was answered Yes. Apple // hi res screen images may be converted easily to either mode 0 or mode 1 on the Apple ///. Mode 0 is black and white, and Mode 1 is color (which you will see only if you have at it is not, this question is asked. If the question is answered Yes, some slight changes will be made to the file to make it a SOS FOTO File. Otherwise, no changes will be made upon conversion. Mode (0-1)? Askedsource file is a DOS 3.3 file, SOSTRAN may ask some of the following questions, depending on the format of the file: Foto file? The file is probably an image of the Apple // hi res graphics screen. Since there is a possibility thad a length. In Pascal and SOS/BOS, the length is stored in the directory. The start address is generally not used by Pascal and SOS/BOS, but for SOS files it is stored in the auxillary byte in the directory and may be retrieved with a SOS call. When the as used by the Apple /// screen. Larger pixel-sized fonts can not be used on the Apple /// text screen but can be used with the .Grafix driver when working with Apple /// graphics. DOS 3.3 files have two numbers associated with them: a start address anrograms available that allowed for the creation and saving of fonts. The Apple /// supports character sets made with many of these programs. The old DOS tool kit font editor (ANIMATRIX), for example, creates character sets that are 7x8 pixesl, the same e code programs won't run on the /// without modification. They are best made by converting the source code to a SOS TEXT file, revising as necessary, and using the assembler supplied with the Pascal system to assemble it for the Apple ///. SOS or PASCAL TEXT FILE This type of file is created by the Pascal systme, either using the Editor or by using the Pascal procedure Rewrite with a file name ending in .TEXT from a Pascal program. If the source file is a Pascal or SOS TEXT file, one of the following This will be asked if both source and destination files are on SOS or Apple // Pascal disks. If the font was created with Apple PILOT and you want to use it with SOS, answer Yes - which will cause the font to be turned over (the os a font or character set. SOS fonts may have any dimensions for the letters. Fonts for DOS 3.3 packages must have certain sizes. If the source file is a SOS FONT file, the following questions may be asked: Convert to/from PILOT font? sked and the file may be BLOADED and BRUN: Start Address? A default start address will be displayed. If this is OK, press RETURN. Otherwise, type in the desired address. SOS or Pascal FONT File This type of file containe, it will. IF the destination file is on a SOS disk and the code file is in the proper format, the destination file may be used as an SOS interpreter. If the destination file is on a DOS 3.3 disk, the following question will be a header and subsequent blocks contain the code. If the source file is a SOS or Pascal CODE file, the following questions will be asked: Remove code file header? If you answer yes, the header block will not be transfered. Otherwis default page for displaying the fil page 1, type 1 and press RETURN. For Page 2, type 2 and press RETURN. SOS or Pascal CODE File This type of file contains object code generated by the Pascal Compiler or Assembler. The first block contains a file is converted from Mode 0 to Mode 1, and the foto is displayed on an NTSC (color) monitor, some colors may appear. Page 1 or 2? If the destination file is a DOS 3.3 disk, this question will be asked. To make theions will be asked: Mode? If the destination file is on a SOS or Pascal disk, this question will be asked. To convert the foto to Mode 0, type 0 and press RETURN. To covert to Mode 1, type 1 and press RETURN. If the being used. It is used to save pictures displayed on the graphics screen. Only Mode 0 and Mode 1 FOTO files may be converted to the Apple // hi-res screen image format. If the source file is a FOTO file in either Mode 0 or 1, one of the following quest Set bit 7? If the destination file is on a DOS 3.3 disk, it will be converted to a T file. Answer Yes to make this conversion. SOS or Pascal FOTO File This type of file is generally created with the graphics package of the language e asked: Convert to TEXT file? If the destination file is on a SOS or Pascal disk, then this question will be asked. Yes converts the file to a Pascal TEXT file. No makes the destination file an ASCII file. file is just a stream of ASCII characters. An ASCII file is the kind of file used by Business Basic and by several other word processors for the Apple /// (like Applewriter). If the source file is a SOS ASCII file, one of the following questions will b If the destination is a DOS 3.3 disk, it will be converted to a T file - since most programs running under DOS 3.3. expect bit 7 of each character to be set to 1. Yes makes the conversion, No leaves the high bit unchanged. SOS ASCII FILE An ASCII questions will be asked: Convert to ASCII file? If the destination is on a Pascal or SOS disk, this quesion will be asked. Yes converts the file to ASCII. No makes the destination file a TEXT file. Set Bit 7? nly difference between the fonts.) The font must be 7x8 pixels. PILOT font? If the source file is on an Apple // Pascal (or PILOT) disk and the destination file is on a DOS 3.3 disk, then this question will be asked. Yes performs the proper conversion if the source file is an Apple PILOT font. Convert to DOS tool kit font? Answer Yes if the font is to be used with HRCG in Apple's DOS Tool Kit. Convert to Higher Text font? -1I=IBOTM THPOS=44:I/2<>I/2)I=I+1I2=-1:I=I-2:IBOTM<30THPOS=44I=IBOTM/2)*2:=+IBOTM/2)-1:0=+IBOTM/2-.5):I=IBOTM:I/2=I/2)I=I-1CA)"PRINT.ALL": OA+P 3HA=(81+UCA)A=(81+LCA):::: OA+Q Quits 3IA=(83+LCA)A=(83+UCA)"PRINT.SHOW": OA+S N=THPOS:B$(I);XA<8A>11540bA-7640,660,690,720l:=THPOS:B$(I);v:520: 500THPOS=4:I/2=I/2)I=I1600 =Q:WW=0A=:A=21A=9&oldprefix$=40A=31410: Control C "aborts" program to Basic(:A=13770: Return Selects a file *DA=27:50: Escape to change disks/FA=324000: back out one directory level 3GA=(80+UCA)A=(80+L"BASIC 0":150A$="TEXT 0":150A$="CAT 0":150A$="FONT 0":150A$="FOTO 0":150A$(L),"BLOCKS")510*=27:=19:"FREE MEMORY AVAILABLE: ";=7:=20:"80C";A$(L);$:=5:THPOS=4:I=1:IBOTM=J-1:620Q=:=26:=21:sic; +Q Quits."r12);::"80C";a$;:+w#9,"DISKNAME.DAT":#9;DISKNAME$:#9|d$=DISKNAME$$=23:=0::"80C";d$;::12)201M=3:=14:"This /// SIG Disk is \^ 19";Р,2)", Washington Apple `, Ltd."=4:B$(1)="":B$(2)=""A$=16,B) THEN 240 #1, d$="":=10:"80C";d$ ž#1300I=0"I=I+1:#1;A$(I):290,#1 6L=I-1@j=1:same=0 J:SEG=0 Tœ2030^CT<1CT=1cCT>13000Zha$="{,|,~,}; selects; to new disk; J/2)=4:=+1:ۙ=44B$(J);:J=J+1I:1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:8A$(1000),B$(1000),C%(511),C$(20),name$(20):=10:=0UCA=128:LCA=UCA+32CT=15 IF PREFIX$= PREFIX$+MID$(B$(I),"$%&'()*+VOLUME NAME (/DISKNAME) OR DEVICE NAME (.Dx)"P12);::"80C";a$;:Zb$="CHANGING DISKS"$d=23:=0::"80C";b$;::12).n=12:=20:"MAKE A NEW MENU FOR DISK: ";N$xN$)<2110=N$ :210 I=1L(A$(I),A$))200B$0 WAP /// SIG MENU.MAKER PROGRAM (v. 6.2) =".D1"210: Coldstart (320: Warmstart &*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1 CHANGE DISK SUBROUTINE23œ202:2200<RFa$=" YOU MAY SELECT YOUR DISK BY on gives some hints for converting programs from AppleSoft or Integer BASIC to Apple /// Business Basic. SOSTRAN only does part of the job - putting the program into a format readable by Business Basic. The problem is most programs won't run without some. If the destination disk is DOS 3.3., a B (binary) file will be created and no changes will be made - but the following question will be asked: Start Address? (see above explanation) SECTION 5 - Converting BASIC Programs This secti Yes for Higher Text conversion. The font must be either 7x8 or 14x16 pixels. Other SOS or Pascal Files If the source file is on a SOS or Pascal disk, and the type is not listed above, SOSTRAN will perform no special processing on the fil œ2120B=B$(I),16)," ")-1 B$(I),"BASIC 0")850B$(I),"TEXT 0")890 B$(I),"CAT 0")1140*B$(I),"FONT 0")18504B$(I),"FOTO 0")1930>B$(I),"PASTXT 0")2070H540R\A$="RUNNING "+B$(I),16,B)f"79C";A$;:=0pB$(I),16,B) z::SEG=1".D1/SEG.T"t=+B$(I),16,B) yCT=CT+1~240:=24:=0:"@ ..... "DATE.TIME.LINE" ....JM=Ҡ,4,2))BTM1630,1640,1650,1660,1670,1680,1690,1700,1710,1720,1730,1740^M$>88  >!SHOLES 1!1!2@23#3#4$4$5%5%6^67&7&8*8*9(9(0)0)-_-=+=+\|QWERTYUI OP[{]}`~`~ASDFGHJ K L ;:;:'"'"ZXCVBNM ,<,<.>.>/?/?d0hp00000>0# #0~$ <"<"""<< <"""<"><$""< """"  "" 6***""""""""""<""< :< $"""2,"""""**6"""""< >>>>> ""*:<"">""""""""""""">>><2"<""">""" ""  ">"6**"""""&*2""""""""""""*,"" "" ">""""""""""""""**6"""""""> >>>xr,./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGA7  3  5  >>< (&20 *, **>> "2*&" " >>  ">> "8""> """"""< SOS DRVR"CUSTOM.3 )((8*,;((*,((+)((9/(p((>3  =9 :9 .(~|L|LNqooGoDDDcc0ccpc]]c"QM"|@@pAATT**|240 MENU.MAKER 6.2 * Thanks to C.M.Davidson for his help!NU.MAKER 6.2 * Thanks to C.M.Davidson for his help!="BACKING OUT OF THIS SUBDIRECTORY"$=23:=0::"80C";b$;::12)0X=1200:XCT=CT-1:CT<12405l=ơ):: Routine to back up one directory level.a$=С,l-1) s=a$)a$=a$,s-1)a$,1)="/"5060:s=s-1 5030=a$H: Error Routine 202:U=11:"79C";"BAD PATH ERROR (NO DISK IN DISK DRIVE OR DESIRED FILE NOT FOUND.)"X=11000:X:::210Z a$="{,|,~,}; selects; back 1 level; G$:::3206);"-";M$;" ";Ѡ,2));", ";"19";Р,2);" ";/П,2))=>13П,2))-12;џ,6);:1780$П,2))=0"12";џ,6);:ٟ;$П,2))=>12" PM-":" AM-" 1830WW=1530 =26:=21 1600 &:WW=1:0 :SEG=1;".D1/SEG.="JANUARY":1750hM$="FEBRUARY":1750rM$="MARCH":1750|M$="APRIL":1750M$="MAY":1750M$="JUNE":1750M$="JULY":1750M$="AUGUST":1750M$="SEPTEMBER":1750M$="OCTOBER":1750M$="NOVEMBER":1750M$="DECEMBER":175082DL8H\0`(d  $,($  ,BSerial Printer Driver -- Copyright (C) 1983 by Apple Computer Inc..PRINTER A")Copyright (C) 1983 by Apple Computer Inc. 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B E H N S V \ _ b w  KORY\aelpu !$(+.147<?BFILORUX]`finsw| !%*/369<+;CNU\eh "*-036<BLORX_fj &+38;?DGLTot <?BGLQgjox',/25:BG̑ʈ0 Ցʭr̈A萠L: ֦ڱΑ0Б֤ h L  p,:0 JfiΥiώJe΅Хiю@ B $p̑бʑΈ0 Б̱ΑʈeمΐeمАA萿 :  `ʝ"`t  !#%')L: 8p,:Jf׮@$PA B $P@/A'ʤ˅΄ϥ̤ͅЄ B $̑бʑΈ0Ƞ h L: $)טɀIim>ٮ@8pذ `$0"8,:Jک@ׅפ؈۩MjL,:08*Ȅ B ,:J}΅н(I I $0;P̑бʑΈ,:JՐϭPh0 йPL)`)L` L``  `L` H , 8 V ТΕLϦI ] +)J* g I V 8fxL@ ] I)!) g 80 J8}L y L 0yʽz0 y L7  Lh `*f*&*)` SOSTRAN ON APPLE PI PD DISK    ) . 6 = J P S X [    $ 3 : = F d  > B H M s `e|&+.QVYcjuy~':{%(-47=FMUX\_jmz  .169DWfy   % * > A H K Z v z }      % , 1 5 : = B K R Z _ b g n s x ~ /47=G\x{~'+.149?CGIKMOQSUWY[]_acegikmoqsuwy{}J) ܭL FܪJJJJ)`'+9;=?ACEGINR\aejns~  #&).369<ADGJMP^g $*-06=HLORWcfloruzp Q%Q̑`pPIE1pΦ#$01ʐ1`JJJJ)`%υߥ`1(ȦJJJ`&&*`JJ` **&*&ߥ`J` ***`` ` Jjjߊ` ߊ`JfJfFߪ߆` `JfJfJfF`ߩ`$011̰JJJ LP \LD$7߭$PH8 nߩ nh ߍϭ - k, ϥ- kϱϮEϑʩ`P z  HH` k(h`$0#$E$0p Q%Qʑ`pPIE1p$E$0(L%τ`ϩE҅0Ȅ(fL% ('Άѽн`8Hٰ hIiHمh8Iif٤Φݰ>Jj8ۅe݅eޅ $  m`!J8݅ eۅ$  m` , V $צ!ϤҐ мφi`Jf`<,&ʰ,i8i#Hiihifʦʆi) v`i,ʐi,iPIIʥ)ifʦʆ̐pLj/Fϐ&Ȅ`'@τ`Fϐ@ E҅F8ئȢΆѽϽ`/epɀjff&ݥeepɀjffݠ %)  %)`%  0.)      0  ` ` @ ``8٨JJJ ) u˘ vͽʅ̆`8Hi #i,$0F y բӅLx  mӥmԐL] h `  )`%)8`)    H   ʥ)Ģ    H Ģ L E% %) L 8`ۅ&ۥe륅eٍeڍ808٥8٥ 8مڅ H , V Εm٭mڭ))njnjnjfjfjfj+mӥmԐ8L( Ӣ й` m j`Hآ Hӭԭ h h`8٭028ٍڍ0Z$eٍeڍm٥m8٥08ٍڍ`8٥058ٍڍ0ԭTHE WAP OFFICE LIBRARY HAS A NUMBER OF APPLE /// BOOKS AND MAGAZINES. I>X200300S=1:D=1:B=1570D$=""500 Y=X:S=ED$(D)=D$:640 X=Y440D=D+1:S=E:440D=D-1:X=0F$(X):X=0 J=1D D$=D$(J)790&J0 :œ6303DE=S+1:N$,S,1)=" "N$,S,1)=","S=S+1:580%NMOPQž#2390 ^1000c: h#2;a$ma$rY=1150:Y0wB=B+1: Count the number of lines printed xB=15B=30355yB=60#3;12)zB=60B=1 {#3;a$|360B<=20#3;13)::410#3;12):Z=11000:ZI I=3d: PRINTER V. 1.0 ::=2::"PRINT.ALL v. 1.0":3=4:"Directory Name(s) or return to quit: ";n$N$)=0::"MENU.MAKER"430 X>0260I=11000:I:200: ,I=1X 14000 6#2,F$(I)@#3,".PRINTER" Je the enclosed manual for all the details. We hope you enjoy it and encourage your submission of programs to our PD library. is another program that was once in the commercial rhelm. Your WAP /// SIG in now making it available in the public domain. It is a Pascal-based program that will allow you to transfer various Apple // DOS 3.3 files to the Apple /// or back. SeJL1)-984-0300 WELCOME! WAP /// SIG Public Domain Library Disk Category/Number : Utilities/3UTL.06 Disk Format: Self-booting SOSTRAN /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// SIG, Washington Apple Pi 12022 Parklawn Drive Rockville, MD. 20852 (30HER SUBROUTINEnSLOW=110xFLASH/2=FLASH/2):۴ =11:=07 FLASH$ SLOW FLASH:".d1/Menu.Maker"5 WAP /// SIG HELLO PROGRAM. UPDATED 4/12/89 DGO :#1,".D1/hello.text" ž#170 (#1;ERIN$ 2ERIN$<40F#1/P=23:=25:"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.":G$U-Z#2,".D1/FLASHNAME.DAT":#2;FLASH$:#2%dFLASH=110: FLAST$=N$,E,1):T$=" "T$=","610XE=E+1:E>N$)610:590bD$=N$,S,E-S)l:v:E>S+1600:D$="": œ770P=3:"Looking for ";34);D$;34);" directory." #1,D$=P3:"Reading from ";34);D$;34);" directory." ž#1740#1;A$:A$)<4710A$,3,4)="TEXT"X=X+1710 :X>YN=P::7);"There are no text files in the ";34);D$;34);" directory." ::I=P::7);"Unable to locate and open ";34);D$;34);" directory." ::IVXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ŭ᭭򭭪𭭠򠭠頭퀠Šӳ頠𠠀𠠠堠젭ӠΠSOS NTRPRHeLZĠР쁭堠堠ՠP򠭠έ魭EAD PASCAL TEXT FILES."04=10:"78C";"ANY KEY RETURNS TO THE MENU."!>G$:::".D1/MENU.MAKER",320R",220(204::"79A";""; 2D=1:F=1 <#4;a$ FD=D+1 P#5;a$ZD=60#5;12)dD=60D=1nF=F+1::d$;::Y=1100:Y x13402  CATCH PASCAL TEXT FILES 202 :F*=08:"78C";"SORRY BUT MENU.MAKER CAN'T R".D1/MENU.MAKER",220 d$="" A$="PRINTING "+B$(I),16,B)=01:=0::"80C";A$;:#3,B$(I),16,B)Z=1#3;b$:"78A";b$Z=Z+1:Z=18:1290 1260 #4,B$(I),16,B)#5,".PRINTER"+ž#4#5;12):::".D1/MENU.MAKE30C$="N"C$="n"1160;:=23:=0::"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING": $1020.202 8::Z=1B::=23:=0::"79C";"WOULD YOU LIKE A PRINTED COPY?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"1170*C$="N"C$="n"RTU79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING"::202 1020#2,B$(I),16,B)ž#242:::1160Z=1#2;A$:"78A";A$Z=Z+1:Z>1842:::Z=1980*:=23:=0::"79C";"CONTINUE...?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"10 MENU.MAKER TEXT MODULESEG=0"MENU.MAKER"890&*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:z:A$="LISTING "+B$(I),16,B)$=01:=0::"80C";A$;::12)>=23:=0::"2010C$="N"C$="n"200;:=23:=0::"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING": 20002,280,21 DF$(I)=D$+"/DISKNAME.DAT"F$(I)=D$+"/FLASHNAME.DAT"410:ۺ310 PRINTER v 1.0 p$ 900A$="PRINTING"+F$(I):$=01:=0::"80C";A$;::12)F=23:=0::"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT PRINTING"::2,280,21 2000*:=23:=0::"79C";"CONTINUE...?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"#1,D$::"Processing directory ";34);D$;34);", please wait."; 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While it can transfer assembler and PASCAL code files (it is a Pascal program), these programs are not generally executable on the other machine. It will also help transfet or Integer BASIC programs using this mode directly to Business BASIC or GS BASIC. The Apple /// also has no mixed text and graphics modes, which do exist on the Apple //. However, the graphics package for the Apple /// allows easy display of text on the // GS that that version of BASIC can address but which the ///s version can not. - Graphics: Are totally different. The Apple /// has no graphics mode equivalent to the Apple // LO-RES graphics mode, so it is impossible to convert Applesof/ can easily accept lower case characters from the user while the Apple // uses only upper case. Programs written for the Apple // may not expect lower case, and thus give unexpected results when it is used. Note also, there are major differences iscreen while the Apple // can only display 40, which can cause screen formatting problems. One solution is to put the Apple /// into 40 column mode. A better solution is to redo the statements which display text on the screen. The Apple //ivision in Integer Basic Works Differently than in other Basics. - The Not Equals Operator in Integer Basic is #. In AS and BB it is (). - Hardware Differences: Must be taken into consideration. The Apple /// can display 80 characters across the very long names in Integer Basic. - Variable Types are very limited in Integer Basic. - Floating point precision is a bit greater in Applesoft than in Business Basic - Strings in Integer Basic are different from the strings in the other Basics. - Dble. Variable names in Integer Basic and Business Basic can be much longer - 100 and 64 characters respectively. These differences should cause few problems for programs which are well written, but watch out for conflicting variables in Applesoft and it to run properly. General Differences - Variable Names in Applesoft May be as long as desired, but only the first two letters are used for determining which variable is referenced. Thus the names Apple and Apricot would be considered the same variae modification. To get the file into Business Basic, first use SOSTRAN to convert the file to an ASCII text file on a SOS disk. Then run Business Basic and use the EXEC command to read it into memory. The program may then be listed and modified to get files available to WAP! A[A[AThankyou for joining us on the new ///s Company - WAP BBS in Bethesda, Md. If you are interested in joining Washington Apple Pi, please call 301-654-8060 for more information. Many thanks to Ed Gooding for making this BBS - and its tremendous treasure of file. Still, I feel that SOSTRAN is a well made program that clearly states what it can do and not do... If you work a great deal with the conversion of DOS to SOS files, it is a good program to have. The /// Newsletter gives it an 'A' rating. r BASIC programs from one operating system to another, but that program will be turned into an ASCII text file that must be reworked with the correct command codes to work. APPLECON (WAP PD disk 3UTL-08) will actually construct a (mostly) working programn the graphics screen. Display of text on the graphics screen in Applesoft or Integer BASIC requires a separate character generator, such as Apple's HRCG (supplied with the DOS tool kit) or Higher Text. Again note here that the GS has a Super Hi-Res graphics mode not available in other //s or the ///. Also Note that an Apple // Double HiRes Binary File is equal to an Apple /// Fotofile - since both are 33 blocks long. Use On Three's Graphics Manager to load a Double HiRes graphic and then saves Basic: 1150 FOR FLASH=1 TO 10:REM FLASHER SUBROUTINE 1160 FOR SLOW=1 TO 10 1170 IF FLASH/2=INT(FLASH/2) THEN INVERSE:ELSE NORMAL 1180 PRINT FLASH$: REM set Hpos and Vpos here before printing! 1200 NEXT SLOW:NEXT FLASH 1220 NORMAL:GOTO 1izontal Position. Use VPOS=X+1. POKE 37,X {$25} Sets Cursor Vertical Position. Use VPOS=X+1 POKE 48,X {$30} Sets color for LORES graphics. POKE 50,63 {$32} Sets INVERSE Mode Use INVERSE. POKE 50,127 {$32} Sets FLASH Mode Try this subroutine in BusinesKE 33,X {$21} Sets width of text window. (1-40 NORMAL=40) See Poke 32,X. POKE 34,X {$22} Sets top of text window. (0-23 NORMAL=0) See Poke 32,X. POKE 35,X {$23} Sets bottom of text window. (0-23 NORMAL=23) See Poke 32,X. POKE 36,X {$24} Sets Cursor Hor the Apple /// has an 80 column screen, the text should be reformatted anyway, and the text window can be adjusted accordingly. When converting the numbers above, keep in mind that the Apple // window starts at 0 while the Apple /// window starts at 1. PONDOW, which sets all four of the window parameters. There is no easy way to set just one of them. This, however will not usually cause a problem as it is not too difficult to determine all of the window parameters, even if only one is changed. Also, since that you might encounter while trying to convert from that language to Business BASIC or GS BASIC. POKE 32,X {$20} Sets left side of text window. (0-39 NORMAL=0) This and the next four pokes set up the text window. Business Basic has a statement, WIeneral and, hence, very difficult to convert to Business BASIC. You must generally find out what their purpose was in the original program and program the same thing in Business BASIC. The following is a list of POKEs, PEEKs and CALLs from Applesoftess BASIC, these statements are not implemented - the same kinds of things can be done in a more structured way using I/O drivers and Invokable Modules. PEEK, POKE and CALL all take machine memory addresses as arguments, so they can be very gontrol Characters mode before listing the program. - PEEK, POKE and CALL PEEK, POKE and CALL are statements in Applesoft and Integer BASIC which allow a program to use machine language subroutines and manipulate the machine directly. In Busintore Viewport" command, which generally has the effect of moving the cursor to an arbitrary location on the screen. If you suspect that a hidden control character is in a program, hold down the Control key and "8" on the keypad to turn on Display Ctrol-D is typed in immediately after the first quote. When the program is listed from Applesoft or Integer BASIC, the Control-D is simply not printed. If this is done from Business BASIC, the Apple /// .CONSOLE driver interprets it as a "Restially, any line printed by the program which begins with control-D is interpreted as a disk command. In some programs the variable D$ is set to Control-D, so disk commands generally appear as PRINT D; "command." However, in other programs, the conor not. - Disk Files: Are done differently in Business BASIC than in the Apple // BASICS. Commands are built into Business BASIC to use the disk easily, while Applesoft and Integer BASIC actually use PRINT statements for disk operations. Essen it as a Fotofile. You can also try simply changing the Filetype from $06 to $08 (Binary to Foto). - Timing Varies from statement to statement even in the same Basic. BB's speed also depends on what is on the screen and whether the screen is turned on 50 1230 FLASH$="Insert Message of Your Choice Here" 1240 GOSUB 1150 POKE 50,255 {$32} Sets NORMAL VIDEO Mode Same as NORMAL in Business Basic. POKE 50,128 {$32} To make letters going to video blanks. POKE 51,0 {$33} Defeat 'NOT DIRECT' command sometimes. POKE 72,0 {$39} Resets the Status Register. POKE 214,128 {$D6} Turns Applesoft into 'RUN ONLY' mode. USED FOR PROTECTING SOME PROGRAMS. POKE 214,0 {$D6} Cancels the Applesoft "RUN ONLY" mode. POKE 216,0 {$D8} Resets the Applesoft error flag. Diom number generation in Applesoft. PEEK (115/$73)+PEEK(116/$74)*256 Current Applesoft HIMEM. PEEK (175/$AF)+PEEK(176/$B0)*256 : Pointer to Applesoft program. PEEK (202/$CA)+PEEK(203/$CB)*256 Returns memory location of 1ST line of Integer program. PEEK 16136,0 {$C0F8} : Turns Slot 7 motor off. POKE -16135,0 {$C0F9} Turns on Slot 7,Disk motor only. PEEK (74/$4A)+PEEK(75/$4B)*256 Current LOMEM. PEEK (76/$4C)+PEEK(77/$4D)*256 Current Integer HIMEM. RNDPEEK (78/$4E)+PEEK(79/$4F)*256) Provides 'TRUE' randto text mode. Low resolution graphics can't be done on the ///. POKE -16297,0 {$C057} Sets HIRES GR Mode. Remove from Business BASIC program. POKE -16152,0 {$C0E8} : Turns Slot 6 motor off. POKE -16151,0 {$C0E9} Turns on Slot 6, Disk motor only. POKE -,0 {$C054} Switches from page two to page one. Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%1):PERFORM GRAFIXON POKE -16299,0 {$C055} : Sets display to page 2. USE PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%2):PERFORM GRAFIXON POKE -16298,0 {$C056} : Clears HIRES Graphics Mode and returns KE -16302,0 {$C052} Clears Mixed Graphics Mode. Remove from the Business BASIC program. POKE -16301,0 {$C053} Sets Mixed Graphics Mode. (4 lines of text). The Apple /// doesn't have this mode so you will need to decide on one the /// can use. POKE -16300the //. On the ///, you will have to have INVOKED BGRAF.INV and initialized it. Also, the value POKED does not matter, and PEEKS to the same address will do the same thing. POKE -16303,0 {$C051} Switches from graphics to text mode. Use PRINT CHR$(15) POdriver. POKE -16304,0 {$C050} Sets Color GR mode; Switches screen from text to color graphics mode without clearing the screen. Best approximation here is PERFORM GRAFIXON. NOTE: From POKE -163040,0 through POKE -16297,0 all manipulate graphics mode in stem without actually executing a command. POKE -20940,96 {$AE34} To omit page pause for a calalog. POKE -16368,0 {$C010} Clear Keyboard. POKE -16336,0 {$C030} Toggle Speaker. Also: Peek (-16336) To convert, you will have to use Business BASIC's .AUDIO hows up deleted files in the catalog. POKE 44506,234 {$ADDA} Normalize with 48 and 74 in the same locations (same as -21031 & -21030). POKE 47617,12 {$BA01} Speeds disk access (same as ADR -17919). POKE -21912,X {$AA68} To select disk driver on a 48K syWill set/change the current slot to X. (SAME AS ADR -21910). POKE 43698,X {$AAB2} Where X=ASCII of DOS CMND character. For example POKE 43698,64 would make @ the DOS CMND character. Normally it is a CTRL-D (same as ADR -21838). POKE 44505,234 {$ADD9} S5,214 {$3F7} Will Make & List. POKE 1014,10 {$3F6} Will Make & Catalog. POKE 1015,165 {$3F7} Will Make & Catalog. POKE 43624,X {$AA68} Where X=1 or 2. Will set/change the current drive to X. (SAME AS ADR -21912). POKE 43626,X {$AA6A} Where X=0 thru 7. KE 774,72:POKE 775,152:POKE 776,96:CALL 768 Remove from your Business BASIC program. POKE 1010,102 Makes POKE 1012,112 {$3F2/3F3/3F4} Reset run. POKE 1011,213 Makes POKE 1012,112 {$3F2/3F3/3F4} Reset run. POKE 1014,165 {$3F6} Will Make & List. POKE 10130,32 Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE (%1,%1) POKE 230,64 Use PERFORM GRAFIXMODE %1,%2) POKE 768,104 Beginning of a series of POKES used to set up a machine-language subroutine to clear up a problem with error handling. : POKE 768,104:POKE 769,168:POKE 773,154:POsable "ONERR GOTO". (That is, it turns off error trapping.) Use OFF ERR POKE 243,X {$F3} Where X=1 TO 255 this POKE will usually make listings un-readable, with the exceptions of X=64 OR 192. (X=63 IS ALL "?" IN LIST). To fix it, just POKE 243,0. POKE 2(218/$DA)+PEEK(219/$DB)*256 Applesoft line number where an error occured if an ONERR was taken. For Example: PEEK(218)+256*PEEK(219) tells you the program line where the error was encountered. When a disk error occurs, it usually doesn't matter where in the program the error occured. But if it is a syntax error, which could be caused by mistyping, the line helps in debugging. (Nibble Magazine).. For Business BASCI Conversion: Use X=ERRLIN PEEK (222/$DE) Returns error code which identifies the error whp 20 lines to @ if in Text Mode. If in LORES clears screen to black. CALL -1953 {$F85f} Increment LO-RES color by three. CALL -1370 {$FAA6} Re-Boots disk system. CALL -1184 {$FB60} Clear screen (HOME) and print Apple ][. CALL -1052 {$FBE4} Beep Apple sM FILLPORT (see HCOLOR for the correct value for c. It should be the same as the last PENCOLOR to have the same effect as CALL -3082) CALL -2458 {$F666} Enter Mini Assembler. CALL -1998 {$F832} Clears LO-RES screen to black. CALL -1994 {$F836} Clear tothings) by Basic to keep track of For-Next loops and Gosub-Return combinations. (Nibble Magazine...) Remove from your Business BASIC program. CALL -3086 Use PERFORM FILLPORT (assuming the fillcolor is Black). CALL -3082 Use PERFORM FILLCOLOR (%c): PERFORLL -3318 {$F317} EXEC INTEGER Basic "CON" command. CALL -3305 {$F317} Resume from Applesoft ONERR. CALL -3288 Fixes up the stack so that a program can continue without a RESUME statement. The stack is a special 256-byte area of memory used (among other riage return. CALL -8117 {$E04B} List INTEGER Basic. CALL -7036 {$E484} Do Applesoft Garbage Collection Routine. CALL -6090 {$E836} Run Integer Basic. CALL -3727 {$F171} Turn on INTEGER Basic Trace. CALL -3722 {$F176} Turn off INTEGER Basic Trace. CA0 {$F3F2} Clear current HIRES screen to black. (Same as -3086). CALL 62454 {$F3F6} Clear current HIRES screen to the HCOLOR last HPLOTTED. Must be preceded by a HPLOT (Same as -3082). CALL -23186 {$A56E} To catalog disk. CALL -9477 {$DAFB} Output a caremove from your Business BASIC program. CALL 976 {$3D0} Re-Connect DOS. CALL 1002 {$3EA} To reconnect DOS I/O hooks. CALL 54915 {$D683} Cleans stack. Does away with 'OUT OF MEMORY' error when you really have memory left. (Same as ADR -10621). CALL 6245287/$C061) Read PDL(0) switch. If value >127 = Switch On. Use X=BUTTON (0) PEEK (-16286/$C062) Read PDL(1) switch. If value >127 = Switch On. Use X=BUTTON (1) PEEK (-16285/$C063) Read PDL(2) switch. If value >127 = Swithc On. Use X=BUTTON (2) CALL 768 Ratement. PEEK (-16352/$C020) Toggles the cassette output port. (which does not exist on the ///) PEEK (-16336/$C030) Toggle the speaker once for every two PEEKS. Also: POKE -16336,0 To convert to Business BASIC, you must use the .AUDIO driver. PEEK (-16,0 could be written in Business BASIC as: 1000 GET A$: A=ASC(A$) + 128 These locations can also be used in either Applesoft or Integer BASIC to allow a program to be interupted by pressing a key. In Business BASIC, this is best handled using the ON KBD stn a key was pressed. This PEEK should be followed by a POKE-16368,0. These locations are used to simulation a GET statement, which integer BASIC does not have. For example this Integer BASIC statement: 1000 A=PEEK(-16384):IF A<128 THEN 1000: POKE -16368ectors on disk currently being used (16 = DOS 3.3 13 = DOS 3.2) (Same as ADR -19472). PEEK (-18070/$B96A) If 150 is returned then you are using DOS 3.3. This PEEK works for both Applesoft & Integer. PEEK (-16384/$C000) Read keyboard. If value is >127 the (-21902/$AA72)+PEEK(-21901/$AA73) *256 To find starting address of last BLOADED program or data. PEEK (43702/$AAB6) Returns the language that is active. (0=INT 64=FP 128=FP on tape or disk) (Same as ADR-21834). PEEK (46064/$B3F0) Returns the number of sich caused an ONERR to be taken. Same effect as X=ERRLIN, but different error numbers are used in AppleSoft and Business BASIC. PEEK (36/$24) Read Cursor Horizontal Position (VALUES 0-39). PEEK (37/$25) Read Cursor Vertical Position (VALUES 0-23). PEEKpeaker for 1/10 second. Use PRINT CHR$(7) CALL -1036 {$FBF4} Move Cursor forward (RIGHT) one space. CALL -1008 {$FC10} Move Cursor backward (LEFT) one space. CALL -998 {$FC1A} Move Cursor up one line. CALL -958 {$FC42} Clear screen from Cursor to lower right corner of the screen. (Same as Escape F...clears to end of screen). Use Print CHR$(29) CALL -936 {$FC59} Clear screen (HOME). Use HOME in Business Basic. CALL -926 {$FC62} Send Carriage Return and Linefeed to screen. CALL -922 {$FC66} Move Cursor DEF FN Watch legal variable names when converting. Doesn't exist in Integer BASIC. DEL Translates fine. DELETE Deletes a file in all three BASICS. The syntax is different since it is a DOS command on the Apple // variables in a program. in Integer BASIC it is called CLR. COLOR No equivalent in BB. CONT Continues execution of a halted program. CON in Integer BASIC. COS Does not exist in Integer BASIC. DATA Does not exist in Integer BASIC. or CHAINING is different in the three BASICs and the filename may have to be changed. CHR$ () This function converts a number to a character is the same in BB and Applesoft. It does not exist in Integer Basic. CLEAR Clears CHAIN Available only Integer BASIC and BB. Will run a different program without affecting the program variables. It may be simulated in Applesoft by using the CHAIN program supplied with the DOS system. The syntax f This DOS command saves binary data from memory to disk. If the memory being saved is a hi-res screen image, use SOSTRAN or Graphics Manager to convert it to a SOS FOTO file. CALL: Please see separate file on this command. Graphics Manager. BRUN This DOS command loads a machine language program from a disk in memory and runs it. This program must be converted to an invokable module, and the Business BASIC INVOKE statement used. BSAVE le for use with Business BASIC, or a high-resolution screen image, which is easily converted to a GLOAD in the BGRAF invokable module. Screen images can be converted to SOS FOTO files with SOSTRAN or with On Three's SIC command with no counterpart in the other BASICs. BLOAD: This DOS command loads a binary file from disk into memory. It is often used either to load a machine language subroutine, which must be converted to an invokable modu has 128 added to it, but not in the other BASICS. Business BASIC returns the value -1 if the argument is null, but the other BASICs give an error in this case. ATN(): Does not exist in Integer BASIC. AUTO: An integer BA start. ABS: No conversion needed. APPEND: A DOS command which allows a program to extend a disk file. In Business BASIC, use OPEN #N AS EXTENSION. ASC(): Returns the ASCII value of its argument. In Integer BASIC,the value . CALL -144 {$FF70} Scan and execute contents of Keyboard Buffer at $200. Note: If using Applesoft do not use this call with a GOSUB. SOME EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES NOTE: This is NOT a complete list. But it will give you a point from which torint ERR message and BEEP speaker. CALL -198 {$FF3A} BEEP speaker. Use PRINT CHR$(7) CALL -167 {$FF59} Enter Monitor and set Text Mode. Functions the same as RESET. CALL -155 {$FF65} Enter Monitor with BELL. CALL -151 {$FF69} Enter Monitor without BELL {$FCA8} Time delay. POKE 69,XX to set amount of delay. CALL -756 {$FD0C} Wait for key press. CALL -384 {$FE80} Set Inverse Video Mode. CALL -380 {$FE84} Set Normal Video Mode. CALL -321 {$FEBF} Display the A,X,Y,P and S Registers. CALL -211 {$FF2D} P down one line without changing Horizontal Position. (Same as Control J...Line Feed) Use PRINT CHR$(10) CALL -912 {$FC70} Move all text in window up one line. CALL -868 {$FC9C} Clear Cursor to end of line. (Same as escape E) Use Print CHR$(31) CALL -856and is not used in PRINT in BB. Also, the legal file names are different on the different machines. DIM Different in Integer BASIC. See "STRINGS" above. DRAW Draws a shape in Applesoft only. No equivalent in Business BASIC. DSP Delete from your BB program. END Halts execution in all three BASICS. EXEC As with DELETE, syntax is different. EXP() Does not exist in Integer BASIC. FOR Almost the same, but Applesoft does not allow integer variables to No equivalent in Business BASIC. HOME Erases the screen in Applesoft and Business BASIC. Integer BASIC equivalent is CALL -936. HPLOT Use the BGRAF invokable module to simulate this Applesoft command. There is a slight dss BASIC manages its memory automatically so this command is not needed - it may be removed from the programs you are converting. HLIN Plots a horizontal line in low-res graphics mode in Applesoft and Integer BASIC.Check you Business BASIC manual. HGR2 This Applesoft statement is similar to HGR, except it indicates the second graphics page. HIMEM These commands are needed for memory management in Applesoft and Integer BASIC. Busine (%1,%p):PERFORM FILLPORT:PERFORM GRAFIXON, where p is 1 for HGR and 2 for HGR2. Notice this does not perfectly simulate HGR. The Apple /// has no mixed text and graphics modes. Displaying text on the screen is easy. HGR This Applesoft statement initializes high-resolution graphics. It can be simulated in Business BASIC by using the BGRAF invokable module and changing HGR to PERFORM INITGRAFIX:PERFORM GRAFIXMODE 0 Black 5 9 Orange 6 3 Purple 7 15 White 0 Black 1 12 Green 2 6 Blue 3 15 White 4 COLOR=a command to PERFORM PENCOLOR (%b), where a is the Applesoft color number and b the Business BASIC color number. Applesoft Business BASIC Color 0 d Integer BASIC. There is no equivalent in Business BASIC. HCOLOR This Applesoft statement sets the color for high-res plotting. It can be simulated in Business BASIC by using the bgraf invokable module, and changing the HO As with GOSUB, this command expects a constant line number in BB and Applesoft. On...GOTO can sometimes be used to convert from Integer BASIC if a variable is used. GR Enters low resolution graphics mode in Applesoft anre is no GET command in Integer BASIC, but it can be simulated with PEEKS and POKES. GOSUB The same in all three BASICS. Integer BASIC allows variables to be used, however which may sometimes be converted using On...GOSUB. GOTeger BASIC. GET Behaves the same in Applesoft and BB unless a numeric variable is used and a non-numeric character is pressed, in which case BB will assign the number 0 and Applesoft will give an error message. The Hello program on many WAP /// SIG PD disks (see above for example). fp A DOS command with no BB counterpart. FRE In BB, - a "read-only" variable and no argument may be given like Applesoft requires. No equivalent in Int be the index. FLASH This AppleSoft command makes subsequent text output to the screen blink. To implement in Business Basic, you will have to use a subroutine originally published in ON THREE and contained in the ifference in the numbering of pixels on the screen: Applesoft places location (0,0) in the TOP left corner while BB places (0,0) in the BOTTOM left corner. Some possible conversions include: HPLOT x,y = PERFORM DOTAT (%x,%(191-y)) HPLOT to x,y = PERFORM LINETO 95x,%(191-y)) HTAB Converts to HPOS= in Business BASIC. It's equal to TAB in Integer BASIC. IF Behaves almost exactly the same in Applesoft cal, Pilot or DOS tool kit to a SOS font file. It will also convert Applesoft and Integer Basic files to Pascal or Business Basic text files. As Frank Moore writes in the enclosed review: "SOSTRAN is most powerful for cataloging ][ disks, and in th WAP /// SIG PD LIBRARY PDS NAME: SOSTRAN - File Conversion Utility DISK ID : 3UTL-53 BOOTABLE? BOTH SIDES SOSTRAN is an Apple /// utility that can transfer Pascal text files or SOS ASCII files to DOS text files. Or it can move fonts from Apple // Pasft statement is similar to CALL 1013 and is an alternate method of calling machine language subroutines. Not yet available in GS BASIC. nterpart in BB. VLIN Has no counterpart in BB. VTAB Converts to VPOS= in BB. WRITE Implement this Applesoft command in BB with PRINT#, WRITE# or OUTPUT# commands. XDRAW Has no counterpart in BB. & This Applesoplesoft and BB. SCALE sets the scale factor for the DRAW command. There is no equivalent for this in Business BASIC. In BB, SCALE is used with the PRINT USING statement to specify an output format. VERIFY Has no couhe OUTPUT# command may be helpful when converting. ROT Has no equivalent in BB. RND This function returns a random number in Applesoft and Integer BASIC. In BB, use: INT (RND (0)*(n-1)). SCALE Does different things in Aper may be included in INPUT# and PRINT# statements to achieve a similar result. PR# This DOS command directs the output to some other device. This facility is handled in BB through device drivers and files. Tror numbers and the way they are determined are different. PEEK/POKE Please see above. PLOT There is no equivalent to this in BB. POSITION This DOS command is used to access random positions in a file. In BB, a record numb can be removed when converting. ON ERR Error handling is more general in BB than in Applesoft, but the Applesoft ON ERR GOTO should work in BB. But the error handling routine will have to be changed, since the er The function to take the integer part of a number is the same in Applesoft and Business BASIC. No equivalent in Integer BASIC. LOMEM Remove when converting to Business BASIC. MON Has no BB equivalent. Mostly used for debugging and data from the user is similar in the three BASICs, but each has some variations. For us, BB allows both comma or semi-colon between the optional prompt string and the variables. INT No equivalent in Business BASIC. INT() and Business BASIC. In Integer BASIC, it is a bit different: The Integer BASIC statement IF exp THEN statement can be expressed in Business BASIC as IF exp THEN statement1: ELSE statement2: statement3.. INPUT Inputtinge transfer of text, data and font files." ON SIDE ONE: SOSTRAN.MANUAL : An edited but mostly complete transcription of the SOSTRAN Manual. SOSTRAN.REVIEW : A short review of the program by Frank Moore of "The nd program (which is Pascal) files. It can be placed on your hard disk and run from BOS3, Selector or Catalyst. Three Magazine." * Note that you can view and print either file with the included Menu.Maker program or by using our "Print.All" program, which will print as many text files from as many disks as you designate. ON SIDE TWO: The SOSTRAN boot a