LnSOS BOOT 1.1 SOS.KERNEL SOS KRNLI/O ERRORFILE 'SOS.KERNEL' NOT FOUND%INVALID KERNEL FILE: xةw,@  ȱlmi8#)!)THE BEST OF OTTALINI (And Others!) - 1995 PD.LIBRARYLLMACL.LAPPLE.3L6L6LL%SEG.T jLŸ/ SOS.INTERP !4keLLSOS.KERNEL U,VLL8SOS.DRIVER LL8-READ.ME.FIRSTLN.TRAIL.COLUMNSLLIII.WAP.11u' DISKNAME.DAT,LLFLASHNAME.DATOLL9HELLO LL9*HELLO.TEXT LL*MENU.MAKER  |LPRINT.ALL  >dLԡm#i㰼m#iЕOLԡȱfg hi !dLԡ憦  Ljmkm l y`2 Lԡ8(Je稽)ʈ@L Apple III: Printing from BASIC and Pascal From: The Apple Technical Information Library Many times it is desirable to have a program send selective, processed output to the printer. Both Business BASIC and Pascal have the commands to handle this chore;(J)=A$(I),1,31)!J/2<>J/2)=4:=+1:ۙ=44B$(J);:J=J+1I:1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:8A$(1000),B$(1000),C%(511),C$(20),name$(20):=10:=0UCA=128:LCA=UCA+32CT=15 IF PREFIX$= PREFIX$+MID$(B$(I), VOLUME NAME (/DISKNAME) OR DEVICE NAME (.Dx)"P12);::"80C";a$;:Zb$="CHANGING DISKS"$d=23:=0::"80C";b$;::12).n=12:=20:"MAKE A NEW MENU FOR DISK: ";N$xN$)<2110=N$ :210 I=1L(A$(I),A$))200B$0 WAP /// SIG MENU.MAKER PROGRAM (v. 6.2) =".D1"210: Coldstart (320: Warmstart &*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1 CHANGE DISK SUBROUTINE23œ202:2200<RFa$=" YOU MAY SELECT YOUR DISK BY of WAP /// SIG Co-Chair Dave Ottalini's articles from the WAP Journal. Also includes articles from other authors and information about PD library additions. We hope you enjoy it and encourage your submission of programs to our PD library. 0300 WELCOME! WAP /// SIG Public Domain Library Disk Category/Number : WAP Articles/3WAP-11 Disk Format: Self-booting This is the 1995 edition /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// SIG, Washington Apple Pi 12022 Parklawn Drive Rockville, MD. 20852 (301)-984- however, none of the language reference manuals provide an example for printing to a printer where the syntax of the commands is illustrated. When directing output to the printer, it is important to remember that Apple III's Sophisticated Operating Syste16,B) THEN 240 #1, d$="":=10:"80C";d$ ž#1300I=0"I=I+1:#1;A$(I):290,#1 6L=I-1@j=1:same=0 J:SEG=0 Tœ2030^CT<1CT=1cCT>13000Zha$="{,|,~,}; selects; to new disk; G$:::320H: Error Routine 202:U=11:"79C";"BAD PATH ERROR (NO DISK IN DISK DRIVE OR DESIRED FILE NOT FOUND.)"X=11000:X:::210Z a$="{,|,~,}; selects; back 1 leve 1600 &:WW=1:0 :SEG=1;".D1/SEG.F" SEG=1".D1/SEG.G"diskname$=3802  CATCH PASCAL TEXT FILES 202 :F*=08:"78C";"SORRY BUT MENU.MAKER CAN'T READ PASCAL TEXT FILES."04=10:"7M$="NOVEMBER":1750M$="DECEMBER":1750826);"-";M$;" ";Ѡ,2));", ";"19";Р,2);" ";/П,2))=>13П,2))-12;џ,6);:1780$П,2))=0"12";џ,6);:ٟ;$П,2))=>12" PM-":" AM-" 1830WW=1530 =26:=211660,1670,1680,1690,1700,1710,1720,1730,1740^M$="JANUARY":1750hM$="FEBRUARY":1750rM$="MARCH":1750|M$="APRIL":1750M$="MAY":1750M$="JUNE":1750M$="JULY":1750M$="AUGUST":1750M$="SEPTEMBER":1750M$="OCTOBER":1750T 0")2070H540R\A$="RUNNING "+B$(I),16,B)f"79C";A$;:=0pB$(I),16,B) z::SEG=1".D1/SEG.T"t=+B$(I),16,B) yCT=CT+1~240:=24:=0:"@ ..... "DATE.TIME.LINE" ....JM=Ҡ,4,2))BTM1630,1640,1650,0=+IBOTM/2-.5):I=IBOTM:I/2=I/2)I=I-1 œ2120B=B$(I),16)," ")-1 B$(I),"BASIC 0")850B$(I),"TEXT 0")890 B$(I),"CAT 0")1140*B$(I),"FONT 0")18504B$(I),"FOTO 0")1930>B$(I),"PASTXB$(I);v:520: 500THPOS=4:I/2=I/2)I=I-1I=IBOTM THPOS=44:I/2<>I/2)I=I+1I2=-1:I=I-2:IBOTM<30THPOS=44I=IBOTM/2)*2:=+IBOTM/2)-1:CA)"PRINT.ALL": OA+P 3HA=(81+UCA)A=(81+LCA):::: OA+Q Quits 3IA=(83+LCA)A=(83+UCA)"PRINT.SHOW": OA+S 2JA=(68+LCA)A=(68+UCA)/Screen.Savers/HELLON=THPOS:B$(I);XA<8A>11540bA-7640,660,690,720l:=THPOS:ٺ1600 =Q:WW=0A=:A=21A=9&oldprefix$=40A=31410: Control C "aborts" program to Basic(:A=13770: Return Selects a file *DA=27:50: Escape to change disks/FA=324000: back out one directory level 3GA=(80+UCA)A=(80+L"BASIC 0":150A$="TEXT 0":150A$="CAT 0":150A$="FONT 0":150A$="FOTO 0":150A$(L),"BLOCKS")510*=27:=19:"FREE MEMORY AVAILABLE: ";=7:=20:"80C";A$(L);$:=5:THPOS=4:I=1:IBOTM=J-1:620Q=:=26:=21: The device driver passes the output to the selected device. The device driver does the job of transmitting the output in the fashion that the device requires it. Input data follows the same path, only in reverse. Understand these passes of files through the operating system. SOS and the device drivers can handle the details; you must handle the concept. Here is an example of printing to both screen and printer from a Business BASIC program. Without the delay subroutine in line 100, everything would apR",220(204::"79A";""; 2D=1:F=1 <#4;a$ FD=D+1 P#5;a$ZD=60#5;12)dD=60D=1nF=F+1::d$;::Y=1100:Y x13402  CATCH PASCAL TEXT FILES 202 :F*=08:"78C";"SORRY BUT MENU.MAKER CAN'T R".D1/MENU.MAKER",220 d$="" A$="PRINTING "+B$(I),16,B)=01:=0::"80C";A$;:#3,B$(I),16,B)Z=1#3;b$:"78A";b$Z=Z+1:Z=18:1290 1260 #4,B$(I),16,B)#5,".PRINTER"+ž#4#5;12):::".D1/MENU.MAKE30C$="N"C$="n"1160;:=23:=0::"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING": $1020.202 8::Z=1B::=23:=0::"79C";"WOULD YOU LIKE A PRINTED COPY?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"1170*C$="N"C$="n"79C";"PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTING"::202 1020#2,B$(I),16,B)ž#242:::1160Z=1#2;A$:"78A";A$Z=Z+1:Z>1842:::Z=1980*:=23:=0::"79C";"CONTINUE...?":1C$:C$<>"Y"C$<>"y"C$<>"N"C$<>"n"10 MENU.MAKER TEXT MODULESEG=0"MENU.MAKER"890&*X=11000: TEXT SLOW-DOWN LOOP ,X.1,180,22:2,280,21:2,2380,23:z:A$="LISTING "+B$(I),16,B)$=01:=0::"80C";A$;::12)>=23:=0::"o the screen and printer from a Pascal program. Again, the delay procedure is not necessary. program PRINT_OUTPUT; var OutFile: text; procedure DELAY; var Count: integer; begin for Count := 1 to 2000 do end; {Delay} begin rewritINT. They are GET#1, INPUT#1, READ#1, and WRITE#1. The Apple III can have as many as ten files open for input and output at one time, so, where "#1" is used in the examples, it could be "#7", and so on. The following is an example of how to print both tE#1 will close all files instead of ".printer" -- with no other files open it's just easier to type.) There are other useful commands using this concept which are variations of other familiar BASIC commands besides PRo the printer, the following commands can be entered at the keyboard in direct mode. OPEN#1, .printer (Notice, no quotes are needed in direct mode. OUTPUT#1 (Routes all subsequent output to File #1) LIST CLOSE (CLOSE in place of CLOS FOR delay = 1 to 2000: NEXT delay: RETURN The program could also use ".silentype" for the printer device driver. The seperate statements OUTPUT#x and PRINT can be used in succession to direct output to device x. For instance, to simply list a program this is a test.": GOSUB 100 50 REM Output goes to File #1, the printer. 60 PRINT "This goes to the screen.": GOSUB 100 70 REM Without file specification 80 PRINT#1 "This goes to the printer." 90 CLOSE#1: END: REM Close the file ".printer" and end. 100 pear to happen at once, so we have it in the program only to improve the sense of sequence during execution. 10 OPEN#1,".printer": REM Declare the printer as a file. 20 PRINT "This is a test.": GOSUB 100 30 REM Output goes to the screen. 40 PRINT#1 "TEAD PASCAL TEXT FILES."04=10:"78C";"ANY KEY RETURNS TO THE MENU."!>G$:::".D1/MENU.MAKER",320 HOW TO USE APPLEWRITER /// - A short Tutorial Adapted by Dave Ottalini from an article by Gareth Tucker Part 1: Getting Started Welcome to Applewriter! This article is the first of two that will explore the program a bit, provide some of the bt of the current paragraph (Tab), and the name of the file you are working with. The filename will be blank until you have loaded or saved the document. The Z symbol means that the program is set to automatically "wrap" words, so that you do not data line tells you how much free memory you have remaining (Mem), the number of characters in your document (Len), the position of the cursor, counting the number of characters from the start of the document (Pos), the number of characters since the star (except with black characters on a white background): > Z Mem:46165 Len: 0 Pos: 0 Tab: 0 File: This is the "data line", and it tells you about the document in memory. As you create the document, you will see this data line change. Theke loading, saving, etc.) with just one keypress. If STARTUP is found, these commands are executed, and Applewriter /// finally displays the document editing screen. The editing screen is blank, with a single line at the top, as followsQM/p/programs/speller3 QC/p/programs/applewriter3/letterform PPR OI77 PPR PQT Note that it loads a glos.keypad file included with Applewriter 2.0 and 4.1 that allows you to use your keypad keys as "macros" to accomplish many basic tasks (li=============================================== PPR Dave's WPL STARTUP Program PPR =========================================================================== QH/p/character.sets/standard QE/p/programs/applewriter3/glos.keypad might want to display a menu of choices for the user, or load a special file of commands to control your printer. For example, here's a STARTUP File that /// SIG CO-Chair Dave Ottlalini uses: Startup PND PPR PPR ============================e not present. You can create your own files, as explained below, if these are missing. Applewriter /// next looks for a file called STARTUP, which would contain any other commands that you might want to execute at the beginning. For example, youy. When Applewriter /// starts up, it looks for two other files which should be in the same directory, SYS.PRT and SYS.TAB. These contain the default setting for margins, tabs, etc., and you will get strange and unwanted results if these files arram (for use with a modem) for example. I will assume that you have been able to load the program and run it. It will boot automatically from the internal disk drive or, from the BOS3, Selector or Catalyst menus, provided they are set up properld published by Apple Computer, will run on any Apple /// or ///+. The /// version is virtually identical to the Apple // version save for a few features and the way that the two machines handle printing. The /// version does NOT have a communications prog "#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSasics and offer a few hints and tips. It does NOT go into depth. But it DOES offer a great way to get started with this super Apple family program, or to brush up if you are interested. Applewriter ///, originaly written by Paul Lutus anhave to press Return at the end of each line. The > symbol is explained later, in the section on Control Commands. You are now ready to create a new document, or to load a document that has been saved on the disks. Using Disks:******************* The 2.0 and 4.1 versions of Applewriter /// can work with very large documents, limited only by the computer's memory. You set this up by getting into the SOS Commands menu (Command O) and going to "J" - Select Memory Size. Tell Applewriter //you to change the display column width (1-255 columns). (J) - Allows you to change the amount of memory allocated for use by Applewriter (1-15 32k blocks). Most of these you will rarely need to use, but you will use Control-O A (to cannot be changed. (D) - Unlocks the file. (E) - Deletes the file from the disk. (F) - Creates a new sub-directory. (G) - Sets the Date and Time (H) - Sets the prefix to a selected disk. (I) - Allows t is, the one the computer was already using. The other choices have the following effects: (B) - Changes the name of any file. The computer will ask you for the old name and the new name. (C) - Locks the file so that itill cause the computer to ask you for the name of the catalog (directory) to display. You can type in the pathname of any directory you would like to see, or you can simply press Return, which will cause the computer to display the "current" directory, thay while pressing the O key) will display the following menu: A. Catalog B. Rename File C. Lock File D. Unlock File E. Delete File F. Create Subdirectory G. Set Date & Time H. Set Prefix I. Select Display Column Width J. Select Memory Size Pressing A wl continue to use this disk for saving and loading files, and you will only need to tell it the filename. Using the SOS Commands :********** We can display a menu which lets us do several things with the disks. Control-O (hold down the Control ke.1, it will try to find it on the disk we were using most recently. But if we have inserted a different disk, we need to tell the computer the which disk to use. We do this with the PREFIX command, described below. Once you have done this, the computer wilTE.1 is the filename. Usually, when we start using the word processor, the computer will check to see which disk we are using and it will automatically attach the prefix whenever we tell it a file name. When we tell the computer to load the file named NOTEparated by slash marks "/", and the name of the disk (or "volume") always begins with a slash mark. In a pathname, everything which comes before the name of the file is called the "prefix". In the above example, /WP.32/FILES is the prefix, and NOk named /WP.32, would be: /WP.32/FILES/NOTE.1 OR .D2/FILES/NOTE.1 (or whatever volume you're saving to) First we give the name of the disk or the volume, then the name of the directory, and finally the name of the file. The names are se load or save a file, we must tell the computer the name of the directory which contains the file, as well as the filename. This is called the "pathname". For example, the pathname of the file named NOTE.1, which is stored in the FILES directory on the dis You should always save your work, unless you are certain you will never need to use it again. A document stored on a disk is called a "file". Each disk has a list of the files stored on it, called a catalog or directory. Before we canrun Applespeller as a stand-alone program to do the spellchecking. Remember that when the computer's power is turned off, all the information stored in the computer is lost. To save your document for later use, you will need to save it on a disk./ how many 32k banks of memory you want to use. One problem - IF you use more than 4, you will not be able to use AppleSpeller from within Applewriter /// to spellcheck the file (one bug that was never fixed). BUT you can always save the file to disk and catalog the disk) and Control-O H (to set the prefix) quite often. By the way, to bring a disk catalog into memory, simply type a "#" after the pathname from the Control-O A setting : ".d2#". The catalog will be in memory, ready for editing at the whirl of the diskdrive. Creating a Document:************* Typing a document into the computer's memory is similar to using a typewriter: you press the keys, and the characters are stored into memory, and displayed on the screen. The memory can hold many more right and left arrow keys to change all the characters the cursor passes over to upper case. Press ^C twice to convert characters to lower case. Pressing any key other than the arrow keys turns off this cois is called a "Control-B", and these instructions will print this as ^B. There is a control command for each of the alphabetic characters: ^B Jump to the beginning of the document. ^C Change case. After entering ^C, you can use the s. Control Commands: ************* Most of the editing features are used by entering "control commands". For example, by holding down the Control key while pressing the B key, you can cause the cursor to jump to the beginning of the document. Th are many commands available which will let you make more extensive changes. For example, you can delete entire words or paragraphs, and re-insert them at other locations. You can automatically search for words and phrases, and replace them with other wordfile. Editing and Correcting:************ One method of correcting errors, mentioned previously, is to place the cursor to the right of the error, use the delete key to remove the incorrect text, and then type in the correct text. However, therethe computer (using WPL) to ask you questions about which paragraphs to load. Based on your replies, the computer will load paragraphs from the disk and will then display the complete document. This is a very powerful feature, but is not described in this This ability lets us save certain standard paragraphs on the disk, so that you will not need to retype them whenever you want to include them in a document. Automatic Document Creation:*********** Another way to create a document is to program it from the disk. For example, you could type part of a document, then place the cursor at the end of the document and tell the computer to load a file from a disk. The file would be inserted at the cursor location and would become a part of your document.keyboard, will rapidly repeat if you hold it down. There are several other ways to correct and edit a document, which are discussed in the section on Editing. Loading Paragraphs:*********** You can also create a document by loading sections of ng the cursor to the right of the mistake and pressing the Delete key (on a ///+, or +H on a ///), at the upper right corner of the keyboard. The Delete key will take out one character each time you press it. The Delete key, like all keys on the he next line, and will move words around so that they are not broken at the right margin. You do need to press Return to end a paragraph and begin a new one. Deleting Letters:************* If you make a typing mistake, you can delete it by placis you go back and insert words, or entire paragraphs, that you may have left out. Carriage Return:************** Unlike a typewriter, the computer does not require you to press Return at the end of each line. It will automatically move down to tr visible. Typed characters are inserted at the location of the "cursor", which is a blinking white square. You can move the cursor within the document to any location you choose by using the arrow keys on the bottom row of the keyboard. This let characters than the computer can display on the screen at once, however. The screen can display 23 lines of 80 characters each. When you type enough characters to fill the screen, all the lines are shifted upward one line, so that the top line is no longemmand. ^D Change direction. When you search a document for a phrase, the search is done from the cursor toward the end of the document, or toward the beginning. This key chooses the direction. The direction chosen is displayed by the > symbol on the data line. Also, this command determines whether words or paragraphs are deleted or inserted when you use the ^W and ^X commands, described below. ^E Jump to end of dUSE APPLEWRITER /// - A short Tutorial Part 2: Saving and Printing Documents Adapted by Dave Ottalini from an article by Gareth Tucker This is the second of two articles exploring Applewriter ///. This time around we look at ways to save and preft margin, so that a paragraph will be indented. These commands are explained in the section below called "Dot Commands". NEXT TIME: SAVING AND PRINTING DOCUMENTS ============================================================================== HOW TO ext of a document, you can also insert special commands into the text of the document you are creating. These commands will not be printed, but will control the way the document will be printed. For example, you can insert a command which will change the lter to automatically move a long word down to the next line, rather than breaking it in the middle, but you can turn off this feature if you wish to control word breaks manually. In addition to using these commands to edit the t items in a list, etc. ^W and ^X have separate memory areas, each 2048 characters long. ^Y Splits screen. Allows you to display two sections of the document. ^Z Toggles word wrapping. Normally, you will want the compueparate area of memory. If the direction arrow points to the right, the word is recalled from the special memory. ^X Similar to ^W, except paragraphs are deleted, recalled. Good for swapping location of paragraphs, Allows Control characters to be inserted in documents, rather than treated as commands. Toggles off. ^W Deletes the word to left of cursor, if the direction arrow is pointing to the left, and saves the word in a s them to the right. ^S Save the document to disk. ^T Set tab stop at the cursor position, or clear the tab stop that is at the cursor position. ^U Same as right arrow, moves cursor forward. ^V Control character insert mode.ode is the "insert" mode, in which characters to the right of the cursor are pushed to the right when you enter a new character. Choosing this mode causes new characters to replace the old characters, rather than pushingon. ^M Carriage return. ^N Erase memory - to start a new document. ^O Display the disk command menu. ^P Print the document (type "NP" and Return at the prompt). ^Q Additional functions menu. ^R Replace mode. The normal m whenaver you pressed ^GS. ^H Backspace, same as right arrow (deletes character to the left). ^I Tab, same as tab key. ^J Jumps to character(s) as they are typed. ^L Load a file at the cursor positi or use a glossary. This is an advanced feature which allows you to specify a phrase which will be inserted each time you press ^G and a key. For example, you could set the program to insert the phrase "Sincerely yours," of "x". F/x/y/a will replace all occurences of "x". The search will begin at the cursor position, and will proceed in the direction of the < or > arrow at the top left corner in the data line. ^G Defineocument. ^F Find a string of characters. ^F/x/ will find the first occurrence of "x". ^F/x/y/ will replace the first occurence of "x" with "y", and will then ask whether to continue searching for other occurences int documents, and touch a bit on WPL, Word Procesing Language. Saving a Document:**************** Once a document has been created and edited, you need to save it on the disk for later use. In fact, it is a good idea to save a document several times as you work on it; a power failure could cause you to lose all the information in the computer, but information on the disk is safe. Before saving a document, you will need to tell the computer which disk to store the file on. Use the Contee things at this prompt: (a) you can type np, and press Return. "np" means "new print", and the computer will begin printing the document if the printer is turned on. "np" means that this is a new printing job, and that any page numbering should start wi the Additional Functions menu, which allows you to save and load print files. You can examine and change the current margin settings by typing Control-P. The computer will display the following prompt: [P]rint/Program : You can do thr the 78th column. These margin setting can be changed individually, or you can save them in a file (such as the SYS.PRT file mentioned above), which can be loaded into memory whenever you wish to use that particular format. Control-O will displayat size paper you want to use, and tell the computer about the margin widths and paper length so that it does not print on the wrong part of the paper. For example, when I print letters we use a left margin width of 9 characters, and the right margin is in the Control-L command as explained above. This allows you to add paragraphs that you have saved into a new document, so that you do not have to type them again. Printing:********** When you are ready to print the document, you need to decide whectly, it will tell you that the file was not found, and you will have to try again. You can load a file into the middle of a document that is already in memory. Simply place the cursor at the location where you want the file to be loaded and usen: [L]oad: It will wait for you to type in the name of the file to be loaded, and, after you press Return, it will attempt to load the file from the disk. If the correct disk is not in the disk drive, or if you have not spelled the filename corr Loading a document into the computer's memory from a disk is simple: First, tell the computer which disk to use, by using the Control-O H prefix command. Then type Control-L and the computer will display the following prompt at the bottom of the screeuals sign (=) and press Return, in which case the same name will be used. Filenames cannot be more than 15 characters long. They must start with letters, and they can only contain letters, numbers or periods. Loading a Document:************ e, such as: [S]ave:contract The cursor will be located just after the colon. The computer is displaying the name you used when you last saved the file, and asking whether to use the same name. If you want to use the same name, you can type an eq file, you can continue working with it and adding to it. The next time you tell the computer to save it, by entering Control-S, the prompt displayed by the computer at the bottom of the screen will show whatever name (or pathname) you used to save the filnter the full pathname after the Save prompt, in which case the default prefix will not be changed. For example, [S]ave: .D2/LETTERS/LETTER.TO.MOM or /MY.DISK/LETTERS/LETTER.TO.MOM After you have saved ame for the file. You would type contract and press Return. If the correct disk is not in the disk drive, the computer will tell you that the volume was not found, and you will have to insert the correct disk and try again. If you wish, you can erol-O H command to set the prefix. To save a file named CONTRACT, you would type Control-S (hold down the Control key while pressing the S key). The computer will display, at the bottom of the screen [S]ave: and will wait for you to enter the nath page number one; (b) you can type ?, and press Return. This will display a list of the current format settings, as shown below; or (c) you can press any other key, and press Return, which will cancel the print command and let you continue editing the document. The list of format settings looks like this: Left Margin (LM) = 9 Paragraph Margin (PM) = 0 Right Margin (RM) = 78 Top Margin (TM) = 1 Bottom Margin (BM) = 1 Page Number (PN) = 1 Printed Lines (PL) character reached. Any other character could be used instead. Note that to get a continuous underline between words, you'll need to "link" them with an underline ("_"): \This_is_an_example_of_how_to_underline_an_entire_line.\ Print Mode: tells the compt a carriage return at the end of each line as it sends the lines to the printer. Underline Token: this is set to the "back slash" character \, which tells the printer to begin underlining every character following the back slash, until another back slashnsole" will "print" the file to your monitor. Or try making it (for example) ".D2/Myfile" and you will get a formatted version of your file saved to disk in text (ASCII) format. Carriage Return: this is set to 1, to tell the program to automatically inserination: normally, this is ".Printer", the default printer (as set up in your SOS.Driver file). But it could also be set to, for example, ".SPOOLER" if you are using BOS3 and wish to spool the file to disk before printing. Making the print destination ".Coontinuous forms. We usually use single sheets at the office, so this is set to 1, meaning True. A setting of 0 (False) would cause the printer to automatically eject the paper when it reached the end of a page, and begin pronting on a new page. Print Destrinted lines. A setting of 0 means single space, since no blank lines will be inserted between printed lines. (Note: if you are using a GS, your control panel settings will override this.) Single Page: this tells the computer whether you are printing on cPage Interval: the total number of lines on a sheet of paper. This setting tells the computer how far to advance the paper when it is set to print on continuous forms. Line Interval: this tells the computer whether to single, double, or triple space the plank at the bottom of each page. Page Number: the number to begin counting with, when automatic page numbering is used. Printed Lines: the number of lines on a page, excluding the number of lines left blank by the Top Margin and Bottom Margin settings. gin: The right-most column of print. Any words which would extend past this colume will be "wrapped around" to the next line. Top Margin: the number of lines to skip on each page before printing the top line. Bottom Margin: the number of lines to leave bne of a paragraph to be indented. A number less than the left margin setting will create "hanging paragraphs"; that is, the first line will begin farther to the left that the rest of the lines in the paragraph. This is sometimes a useful effect. Right Marat which the first line of a new paragraph will begin printing. If this is set to 0, the left margin setting will be used. You can use a value different from the left margin width, however. Using a value greater than the left margin will cause the first litely shown on the display, and will remain in effect until you change it. The settings have the following meanings: Left Margin: the number of character-widths from the left edge of the paper at which printing will begin. Paragraph Margin: the position L) : Press RETURN to Exit [P]rint/Program: When this display is shown, you can change any of the format settings. For example, to change the left margin width from 9 to 15 characters, you would type LM15, and press Return. The changed setting is immedia = 60 Page Interval (PI) = 66 Line Interval (LI) = 0 Single Page (SP) = 0 Print Destination (PD) = .printer Carriage Return (CR) = 1 Underline Token (UT) = \ Print Mode (LJ,FJ,CJ,RJ) = LJ Top Line (TL) : Bottom Line (Buter to align the left edge of the lines (Left Justification), to add spaces between the letters so that both left and right edges are even (Fill Justification), to position the text lines in the center of the page (Center Justification), or to align the right edge of the lines (Right Justification). Usually, we use left justification. When printing Wills, however, we use fill justification. Center justification is used for section headings, titles, etc. Top Line: this lets you specify a header to be printom now on I'll call "SARA". I had a small work shop in my basement and now a computer to work on. - Searching for Information My first step was to call Apple Computer and find out what I needed to know and take off, as it were. An Apple sales repee, about 5 years ago while I was taking some extra Algebra classes at the local Adult Education Center, I saw an ad for an electronics school. Two years later, I was the proud owner of a diploma. This all added to my enthusiasm for the computer which fr about the machine. Well you know what my friend said! So there I was, sitting in my basement with this thing called an Apple /// + and not a bit (smile) of experience with anything like it. I DID have some electronics experience, however. You sTVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdeI remembered another friend, who had a computer. Out of curiosity, I called to see if he would be interested in trading even up. You see, the computer was just taking up space. It had no cables, no wires, no nothing! And no one in the house knew anything SARA AND ME By Dave Wagner WAP # 19538 - Beginnings If someone would have told me 6 months ago what I'd be doing today, I'd tell them they were crazy! It all started when a friend of the family gave me a small but good Magnavox Stereo. ********** To summarize the steps involved in printing: (1) load the file to be printed into memory, if it is not there already. (2) decide what kind of paper you want to use. (3) put the paper in the printer and turn the printer on. (4) set the file with the suffix .PRT, as LETTERS.PRT. When I want to use it later, I can use the Control-Q C command. The program will prompt me for the file name, I will enter "LETTERS", and the margins will be reset to the values I had saved. Printing Steps:*trol-Q D command. For example, if I have set the margins for printing a letter, I can save that format with the following command: Control-Q D Enter File Name:letters The program asks me for the file name, and I entered "letters". The program then savesis works the same as the Top Line command. I generally prefer to number pages at the bottom, in the center, by using the following command: BL//-Page #-/ When you have set the format, you can save the settings in a file for later use with the Conuld be at the left, center or right. If your top line had been TL//Page #/ then "Page 1" would be centered at the top of the first page, and TL///Page # would cause "Page 1" to be printed at the top right of the page. Bottom Line: thlace with the page number on each page. For example, you might specify a top line as follows: TL/page #// This would cause "page 1" to be printed at the top left corner of page one. The / symbols are delimiters which specify whether the text shoed at the top of each page. You can select whether the text will be printed aligned at the left margin, centered, or aligned at the right margin. A common use is to number pages. When you use the # symbol in the specified top line, the # symbol will be representative told me: "We haven't done anything with that computer in years but here are a few telephone numbers you can call. By the way, you need a Boot to start it." WHATS A BOOT? After Apple, came a jumble of other phonecalls, trying to get information. I remember calling Egghead Software, InaComp and Quality Computers. Finally I started getting names of real people that knew people that had or at one time had had an Apple ///. Then finally I hit paydirt - the number for Washington Apple Pi! ini, who is always there when I need him. Actually every person I've had the pleasure of talking to in this organization has been just fantastic. I only pray I can give back what I've received. - Time To Read the Instructions Finally I had an Appatalogs coming in from all over the country. ON-THREE has been an excellent source for me. Not only in software but Bob Consorti will take my call anytime in the evening and help me through ANYTHING that's happening. But I can say the same about Dave Ottale harder and harder to connect with Paul so Dave Ottalini became a source of information for me. Then WAP /// SIG member Dave Jernigan sent me some Pascal Books that he had and gave me a modem. WOW! Now I've got to get more software. By now I also have ced one for work so we traded one fax for one Apple ///. Now I've one SARA that works and one that doesn't. Actually, I finally did get the Three Plus to work - until I tried to plug the Profile in the RS-232 plug. Oh-no! - More Sources It becamI was on Workman's Comp with a diagnosis of Delayed Stress Syndrome. Until I can go back to work, I've got plenty of time to play with my, or should I say now, our computer. As luck would have it a friend gave me a facsimile machine and Paul need see, I drive a bus for the City of Detroit. On November 3rd of last year, someone tried to stop my bus by shooting 6 bullets through my windshield, inches from my head and chest. A passenger wasn't so lucky - being hit in the head and thigh. The next day With this info and the picture in my mind of Paul Campbells "Set up" of printers, modems, color monitors and computer, I wanted it all. I got the bug as they say. - Why I Got to This Point I'm kind of lucky in a way. Actually several ways. Yous. I don't remember the conversation but it lasted a lot longer than 5 minutes. Two weeks later I had in front of me more information about the Apple Three than I could have hoped for, including a fotostat of the original copyright request for SARA. r. I also walked away with my Profile filled with programs I'd never heard of and more telephone numbers of people I could contact. - The Search Continues I found more answers to my questions by heading West by phone to talk with ///er Tom Linderded off their solder points. What did I get myself into this time? My wife was a bit more blunt. She wanted to know what I was spending all my money on. A phone call to Paul Campbell took care of the problem. He took my CPU and gave me a 256k loaneoceeded to inspect the power supply and CPU. I quickly discovered that the power supply wasn't the original. It didn't align with the hold down screws. In fact, it didn't even HAVE any screws. The CPU? Water or soda pop stains in the corners. Resistors eroed to come on the screen? "Lets look around here". I lifted it up, looked at the back, tipped it on the side and what do you know, I heard something crash around inside. My experience with electrical things told me that something was loose so I prg the On Switch So finally, here I was, on the threshold of personal history, ready to fire up my first computer. I plugged it in, made sure that all the wires and cables were hooked up, pushed the disk in and...........huh, isn't something suppos During this time I went to Radio Shack and bought every connecter and cable that "looked like it might fit." Real scientific, huh? Then (WAP /// SIG CO-Chair) Paul Campbell told me about ON THREE. I ordered their intro disk for beginners. - Findinle /// Computer from Paul, an external drive and original Apple Spiral book on "how to do it", a Panasonic printer, a Profile, and a modem. I was set! Or at least, that's what I thought. All my life I've always tried to put things together without reading instructions. Please, if anyone is contemplating trying this DON'T. Read First, It will save alot of time and problems in the end. When Paul first loaded a number programs into my Profile, he also installed my copy of BOS3. All the programsfhijklmApple // emulation mode. Originally taken from the Apple /// forum on CompuServe's MAUG - the Micronetworked Apple Users Group. Q - Help!!!! I am running some business programs in Apple // emulation. How do I get the information to the printer? A scre PRINTING IN APPLE // EMULATION MODE ON AN APPLE /// Edited by Dave Ottalini WAP /// SIG NOTE: The following Q and A comes from a few years ago but is still relavent today for those SARAsaurs interested in learning more about how to print in is is my way of giving back a little. You can reach me by calling 1-313-846-3147 or my address is 8213 Stout Detroit, Michigan 48228 are problems, call me. I can't fix everything but there is an awful lot I can. I have an agreement with Dave Ottalini that a percentage of the repair bill will be donated to the Pi. Paul Campbell has seen my shop so you can ask him if I'm legitimate. Ththis computer, and I know there's an awful lot of people at a place called Washington Apple Pi that I can talk to about it on the phone or on the TCS. And they're the Best. THANKS TO ALL OF YOU! And in the future, if anyone has any electrical hardwFF /// (Disk Directory/File Fixer ///), which I do every 4 days or so. I stopped thinking for 5 seconds and erased more than 400 files on one of the Profiles. Well................. But you know what? It doesn't matter. Because I love working with able but its up and running now. At this point, SARA and all her little devices are now working fine, (KNOCK ON WOOD). I'm now even running 2 Profiles. But sometimes there are still problems - for example, the other day I was running On Three's DDed to my frustrations more than once on the phone, but always had positive things to help me keep going. - The End To Frustration? The biggest thing was trying to get my printer to function. I ended up going through 1 bad UPIC board, and 1 bad coks. and a few more calls to people at Washington Apple Pi. I started to make some headway. Read, Read, and Read. Things finally started working. That made me feel pretty good. At this point, I should also mention Beth at the WAP office. She listen up and running. And the other guy (me) with nothing but free time to play with the computer. Needless to say I became frustrated. that's when I decided that if I was ever going to get this right I'd probably end up doing it myself. Out came the boprefix Ah who cares. I'll figure this thing out. I hope Paul can forgive me for all the phone calls! At least 1 a day. Try to imagine the key to my problems (Paul) working 1 full time job, 2 part-time jobs, and trying to help others like myself get were public domain. So I started trying to figure out what I had. Moving this here, looking at this and that not knowing that in some programs I was erasing things and in others, just plain messing things up. What's a Subdirectory? Or better yet what's a en dump would help, but some of the data is more than one page long. I have an Okidata 83A attached to the serial port. Do I need a driver added in the emulation mode or what? A1 - Basically emulation pretends that there is a serial card in slot-7 (bunpqrstuvwxyz{|t on /// SIG PD disk 3UTL-22 - our Apple /// FONTS disk. One of the powerful features of the Apple /// is the ability to change the character set used to display characters on the screen easily from a program. A program can define its DOWNLOADING APPLE /// CHARACTER SETS Edited by Dave Ottalini WAP /// SIG NOTE: This article originally appeared on CompuServe's Apple /// forum, which is part of the Micronetworked Apple Users Group or MAUG as we call it. You'll also find iur 3EZ Pieces/AppleWorks Templates - there are a number of files there that can help with amortization computations.) ry well done, but I'm sure it is not the only book on such things. The only hitch is that I'm not sure it is published anymore; but as I said, other books may serve (even one for the Apple ][ version would do). (Editor's Note: In the WAP /// SIG PD see ogreat paperback book called VISICALC (Advanced Version) Worksheets for Business by Van Wolverton out of VisiPress that has all that stuff and more in worksheet form. That is, it contains all the working formulas for specific business spreadsheets. It is veta 83A every time I use emulation. Is that what I need? Also, is there an Apple /// program in the public domain that will compute amortization? A2 - Try Visicalc or Advanced Visicalc (native ///) (Editor's Note - even better - 3EZ Pieces), there is a I needed a program which would compute amortization and I bought an Apple // public domain disk that did this. I found out about entering pr#7 and tried it. All I got on the printer was garbage. I hate to think about resetting the switches inside my Okidathe 64K version of Gutenberg Sr. The old (48K) version had a setup menu that included the /// serial port but the guy who wrote the new version didn't know about the ///+][ board so didn't include that option. Q2 - You must understand I am new at this. ics page when I first got the card). A3 - Right now I have used both Print Shop and Newsroom in emulation (natch) with the ImagwriterII (serial) with no problems at all. They have a printer setup menu. The one program I can't get to work right with it is "transparent" mode, whereby it will apparently ignore all line length statements; at any rate, I haven't had to use a line length statement yet. I don't do any graphics work, so I'm not sure if the "transparent" mode matters or not (I did print one graph80N"). Serial cards seem to just not care one way or the other. I had a CCS 7710 card with a DECwriter IV serial printer for years, and I recently switched to Epson FX-286 and Grappler+ when I bought the //e. A dip switch on the Grappler sets the card tosiness programs have a printer setup menu to tell them what to send to. Many of them will allow all sorts of options. A2 - Perhaps the "parallel" printer card needs to know exactly how many characters are to be put onto a line (with commands such as "^It occasionally in slot-5 with some programs). Try doing a pr#7 and then typing a few characters followed by a return and see if your printer works there. I'm talking about doing it right out of Applesoft Basic in emulation. Then the question is: do your bu own characters to perform special effects such as drawing graphics on the text screen. A good example is the System Utilities program which uses custom characters to draw boxes around things and display arrows as they appear on the keyboard to help the ue PHA LDA #8F ;System charset is in system bank STA SysSet+1601 LDY #0 NxtChr LDA (SysSet),Y ;Copy a character STA (Ptr),Y INY P Ptr ;Get location to put charset LDA #00 ;Set up pointer to system charset STA SysSet LDA #0C STA SysSet+1 LDA SysSet+1601 ;Save old X-bytss Ptr .EQU 0E2 ;Pointer to user's variable SysSet .EQU 0E4 ;Pointer to system charset .proc SysCharset,1 POP Return ;Save return address PO1 PLA STA %1+1 .ENDM .MACRO PUSH LDA %1+1 PHA LDA %1 PHA .ENDM ; Some zero page temporaries Return .EQU 0E0 ;To save return addreanguage procedure which copies the character set. ; Assembly procedure to copy the system character set to a user variable ; Pascal interface: Procedure SysCharset(Var C:Charset); ; Some standard macros .MACRO POP PLA STA %e character set displayed on the text screen. Copying data from system memory to Pascal memory can be done only from assembly language. For the convenience of programmers not proficient in assembly language in the Apple ///, here is a complete assembly loading it into the character generator so that the .GRAFIX driver can use it for drawing characters onto the graphics screen. Note that anyone can read this character set, but only the .CONSOLE driver should modify it so that it remains consistent with thacter set before we download our own; restoring it when we are done is as easy as another call to LoadCharset. The current character set is stored in system memory at locations $C00-$FFF. The .CONSOLE driver stores the new character set here as well as l End { LoadCharset }; This just performs a UnitStatus to the .CONSOLE driver with a request code to download a character set. So far, so good; now for the tricky part: restoring the system character set. To do this, we need to copy the system chard: 0..63; End; Begin { LoadCharset } RequestCode.Channel := 0; RequestCode.Reserved := 0; RequestCode.Stat_or_Ctrl := 1; RequestCode.Request_Num := 16; UnitStatus(1,C,RequestCode); k: Procedure LoadCharset(C:Charset); Var RequestCode: Packed Record Channel: 0..1; Stat_or_Ctrl: 0..1; Request_Num: 0..255; Reservecter set consists of 128 characters (numbered 0 through 127), each consisting of 8 rows. Next, we need a procedure to download character sets. Referring to the Standard Device Drivers manual, pages 70 and 169-171, the following procedure will do the tric thus a bit tricky. For purposes of this discussion, let's use Pascal. Similar techniques can be used with other languages. To begin with, we need to have a TYPE for character sets: Type Charset = Packed Array [0..127, 0..7] of 0..255; A charaser. However, any program which changes the system character set should be careful to restore it before exiting so that other programs can use the normal character set. This isn't very difficult to do, but it requires the use of assembly language, and is ;Do next one BNE NxtChr INC Ptr+1 INC SysSet+1 LDA SysSet+1 ;See if done (if we reached $1000) CMP #10 BCC NxtChr PLA ;Restore X-byte for Pascal STA SysSet+1601 PUSH Return RTS .END The code is straightforward for those familiar with assembly code; the only tricky part is saving the X-byte of the variable we use to access syste for a law firm, and another for a systems analyst. I'll be sending another when this next SARA goes out the door (not MINE of course!). Then there is a friend who bought a /// a year or so ago but is getting discouraged by running everything from floppies}y, I own about 3 or 4 CPM cards and a few programs as well. In addition to WordStar, I think there may be an audio training casette around here. By the way, there are 3 checks in the mail for BOS (should be there now), one for an electronics repairman, one THE PAUL CAMPBELL A3 REPORT (Edited by Dave Ottalini) - SARA AND CPM Having something so close to a DOS prompt on my Apple does invoke nightmarish thoughts. It's bad enough having a DOS monster on the same desk as my SARA! But in realititing. mple, downloads only a few characters so that it can draw boxes and arrows. Explain how to do this. 2. Write an invokable module for Business Basic so that programmers can write Basic programs which use custom fonts but restore the system font before ex return to exit. '); Readln; { Restore the old character set before exiting } LoadCharset(SysSet); End. EXERCISES 1. It is often not necessary to download a complete character set. The System Utilities program, for exa,S); { Load the user's character set and close the file } LoadCharset(F^); Close(F); { Put some characters on the screen to show off the new character set } For C:=' ' to '~' Do Write(C); Writeln; { Wait until the user is ready to exit } Write('Press 16; UnitStatus(1,C,RequestCode); End { LoadCharset }; Begin { Main program } { First, save the system character set in SysSet } SysCharset(SysSet); { Ask the user for a file with a new character set } Write('Character set to load: '); Readln(S); Reset(F Stat_or_Ctrl: 0..1; Request_Num: 0..255; Reserved: 0..63; End; Begin { LoadCharset } RequestCode.Channel := 0; RequestCode.Reserved := 0; RequestCode.Stat_or_Ctrl := 1; RequestCode.Request_Num :=set); External; { The assembly language program to get the system character set } Procedure LoadCharset(C:Charset); { Loads the character set C into the character generator } Var RequestCode: Packed Record Channel: 0..1; o a Pascal variable. Here is an example program to demonstrate its use: Program TestCharset; Type Charset = Packed Array [0..127, 0..7] of 0..255; Var SysSet: Charset; C: Char; S: String; F: File of Charset; Procedure SysCharset(Var C:Charm memory (SysSet) and restoring it before returning so that Pascal will not get confused. To use it, copy it into a file, assemble it, and then link it into your program. It defines a procedure called SysCharset which copies the current character set int, so I was going to give her a profile if she will buy BOS. Good deal, huh? Need another profile card though... - SARA VS. IBM (AGAIN) Here's another Motorcity update; A co-worker and I were given the same task (oooh I LOVE these situations) to create a database application for exporting data to create graphs. Our Field Support Engineering workgroup is split, one side installs computers, the other troubleshoots and repairs, and I was given the more active group. My co-worker racked up 36 hours of and Lotus 123 has lousy printer control, and Windows Print Manager is still a bottleneck, and nobody REALLY understands DOS memory mis-management, and WordPerfect isn't, and.......... rts I have to knock out, and Microsoft Access crashed my database form definitions today, and there's a stack of papers 3 inches thick that need to be input into 3EZP, and the Monkey3 virus is spreading at work and can't be detected by the network shield, even our present careers. Will I pull the sheet over SARA's screen and unplug the powercord tonight? I could. There are 3 MS-DOS computers in this house which I know quite well, the newest is only 2 months old. But you see... there's these repo prompt. - Space prohibits getting into the best keyboard of all times, device independence, PowerKeys and DTM, macros without program barriers.. ect. The list goes on and on. For me and many others, the /// was our gateway into the world of computing andt have any evidence to shoot your way? Go ahead, make my day! :) - The /// has something that MS-DOS based systems will never have; personality. Our SARA has never been, and never will be, an ugly white box. And she will never leave anyone at a stupid DOSost remarkable staying power of any orphan computer. A brand-new OS... 13 *years* after her intro and a decade after being discontinued by Apple Computer? - SARA has quadrupled in performance and is more than a match for 386 Intel-based PCs. You say I don'rammer for the same reason. I was really looking forward to burning up the phone lines at 9600, and was still hoping that we would get a new wordprocessor. Despite the circumstances we have a lot to be thankful for: - The Apple /// has enjoyed the mwill ALWAYS be accurate... (oops, that was below the belt, or at least below double precision!) - BOB CONSORTI Well, what to do now.... I guess irony has come a full circle, the computer that was orphaned for the sake of money loses her last prog Lotus version 2.4 on a mighty Pentium and run a sort test. Then run the same test on an Apple /// with EZP, and the Pentium will lose! They are only one second apart in this test, so the biggest diference between the two is that the Apple /// spreadsheet lly. That's what the name's for, right? (I)t's (B)etter (M)anually? Actually, Lotus is ok, the commands and formulas are the same as Visicalc, but the Lotus menu bar is a lot more helpful. While we are on the subject, here's a neat test: Load your I thought for sure that Lotus would import a DIF file... it wouldn't, just ASCII files. On top of not reading DIF, Lotus also could not read labels AND values (even though it said it could), but that left just 3 columns that had to be entered manuaen my partner found out that my database was done and working, he suggested the we do the project on the ///. My boss nixed that idea, so the data was transfered to Lotus 123 to be compatable with the rest of the people who like doing things the hard way. ---------------------- IBM 386 Windows 36:00:00 unsuccessful Apple /// BOS 00:02:52 successful The inital database creation took 1 minute, 7 seconds, with the rest going to field renaming and screen layout. Whovertime putting a simple database together to compile the data. So I sat down at my desk, booted my Apple ///, and started my stopwatch. The results are posted below. System OS Time H:M:S Results ----------------------------------3 Technotes; File Transfers; Will Wonders Never Cease. JULY.AUGUST :SARA on the MAC?; On The Sound Front; Al Bloom and MLM; The Year 2000; Applesoft to an Apple /// Text File; Appash on the screen. You can now work on other documents. Indenting Paragraphs: ************ These print formats control the way the entire document will be printed. Sometimes, however, you will want to make temporary changes of margin width, or yrue), the computer will pause after it prints each page to give you a chance to load a new sheet into the printer. When you are ready, press Return, and the printing will continue. When the printer is through printing, it will stop, and the cursor will flthe format, either by loading a format file or Control-P ? to set the format manually. (5) type Control-P np, and press Return. The computer will start printing. If the document is more than one page long and the Single Page format setting is set to 1 (Tascal/Basic EZP BASIC blank #6 Bad, Never Use Me! Misc Options Menu --------------------------- ACCESS /// BLANK BASIC Apple Writer #5 BAD, Never Use me! MISC For 512K Apple /// (M512.MACRO.MAP"): MacroMap Selection Menu Press *? For Options Menu --------------------------- ACCESS /// PMACRO.MAPS and start over. Then, when things go bad, delete the mis-behaved MACRO.MAP. And Copy ZMACRO.MAPS back to MACRO.MAPS. Examples For 256K Apple /// (M256.MACRO.MAP"): MacroMap Selection Menu Press *? ForCROS (via SA-4) the next time/there-after, the MACRO.MAP will be scrambled. I don't know how to fix it: So make a backup of the last working MACRO.MAP: First set the prefix to .profile/desktop. And Copy MACRO.MAPS to ZSCAPE) the MACROS back to the application with the Bad Map selected or you will be sorry!!! Leaving the MACROS with the "BAD" map selected will turn on the recorder (listen for the key click; use SA-8 to turn it off). Also, When you call the MAernet APPLE.2 (Directory) SECOND.SIGHT :New Second Sight graphics card for the 2GS A2.Q.A.11.95 :Apple 2 Q and A AW.PATCH :Patching AppleWriter 2.1 email INET.DISKS :Internet PD series for the Apple /// INET.FILTER :Filtering Usenet Messages A3.INET :Apple /// and the Internet INTERNET.AND.3 :Apple /// and the Internet A2.INET.SW :Apple II software on the Int PD.LIBRARY (Directory) PD.LIBRARY.JULY :/// SIG PD Library additions for July (also see Inet.Disks on Side Two - Internet/Inet.Disks) SIDE TWO INTERNET (Directory) INET.BY.MAIL :Getting Internet information with INT :Printing in Emulation Mode CHARACTER.SETS :Downloading Apple /// Character Sets PAUL.REPORT :Latest News from /// SIG Co-Chair Paul Campbell AW.TUTORIAL :AppleWriter Tutorial BB.PRINTING :Printing from Basic and Pascalle /// Parts; PD Library Notes. APPLE.3 (Directory) WARNKE.AW :Super Apple Writer /// (4.1) MACRO.MGR.BUGS :Macro Manager Bug Fixes SARA.AND.ME :Dave Wagner's experiences with his /// EM.MODE.PRou may want to single space a part of a document that is otherwise printed in double space. You can insert "dot" commands into the text which will change these format specifications. Spell Checking: ************ IF you have Apple Speller, you can WAP /// SIG PUBLIC DOMAIN LIBRARY PDS NAME: BEST OF OTTALINI #10 DISK ID : 3WAP-11 BOOTABLE? Nonbootable Here's the 1995 version of our Best of Ottalini disk - including all of Dave's 1995 Trail Columns and PD Library articles. Also included, a n /// manuals, software and video. Kevin says he didn't realize there was so much material available for the ///: "You stunned me into silence! I've begun work on memory banking in STM; I'm kind of hitting the limitations of Symantec's compiler, though. Ne for), I plan to do a more generalized memory model, which would pave the way to an Apple /// emulation." To help convince Kevin that doing the emulation is worthwhile, your /// SIG recently sent a hugh care package that included a set of Apple that: "I just got out STM v0.88r, which I intend to be the last version with a pre-determined memory map (i.e., 64K with the upper 12K special-cased for the language card, etc). After a brief respite (and getting some real work done, the kind they pay mKevin Lund , author of "Stop the Madness" - the Apple // emulator for the Macintosh. As I wrote in a past Trail column, he has expressed a strong interest in helping SARA make the transition. Last April, Kevin messaged via the Internet ON THE TRAIL OF THE APPLE /// By David Ottalini (Dave.Ottalini@TCS.WAP.ORG) Apple /// SIG Co-Chairman July/August 1995 IS SARA HEADED FOR THE MAC? It's still too early to say it will happen - but I've been having some interesting talks with PD.LIBRARYvL' '/PD.LIBRARY.JULY L ƾ$INET.PD L5L7TRAIL.COLUMNSvL'  '+JULY.AUGUST1Lƾ(MAY.JUNE*QL umber of other articles about the Apple II and /// by other authors. Enjoy! SIDE ONE TRAIL.COLUMNS (Directory) MAY.JUNE :Bob Consorti Moves On; Al Bloom Weighs In; But Wait Just One Minute; BOS Update; Internet News; Ao matter - I'm sure it can be worked around. Then I've got to figure out where the /// keeps its ROMs, and get 'em transferred...but it's all doable, especially with the manuals you sent (haven't watched the video yet). Of course, now that I'm all enthused about the project, my 2nd year paper is looming. But I'm on the case; I'll keep you posted on it. And, as I seem to have forgotten to say this till now, thanks!" Kevin's comments reminded me that back in February, 1991, Daryl Anderson of DA D and MLM Dr. Al Bloom has, and remains, a legendary supporter of our Sara. In fact, in our newly reorganized PD Library, we honored him by creating a separate category to hold his great articles and software. Among that software is a whole seriese. Seems to me it's worth asking about anyway. So stay tuned - hopefully we'll have an update on the next Trail. By the way - it should work just fine in Emulation mode - we'll try to get a copy and check it out that way to see what it can do! AL BLOOM - but what do you think? IS this something that might be worth using some funds from our SDF on? Although the /// handles sound differently than the //, it would seem logical (according to Mr. Spock anyway!) that a version for our SARA should be possibl the II+ up) can play digitized sound and music, and reproduce speech quite accurately, without adding any hardware. I have written a program to do this. It is a pretty nifty program." I've messaged him about the possibility of doing a /// versionabout // programmer Philip Lamb (p.lamb@student.canterbury.ac.nz) who has an Apple // program called IISound: "If you own an Apple II, and wondered why it was designed with poor sound capabilities (not a IIGS!), then wonder again. The Apple II (right fromappy to support Kevin if he decides to go forward with the project in any way we can. BUT he has already kindly refused to let us help with some money from the Software Development Fund. ON THE SOUND FRONT In another article this issue, I wrote ulation because then it'd just get pirated around - their little card for the Mac is the ultimate "dongle"." Daryl, by the way, estimated back then, that it would take about 3 months or so to do the whole emulation - working full time. We'll be hthe ///, Text vs. Graphics orientation, HardDrive vs Floppy, Application vs (copy-protected) games - all make a /// emulation more doable. Modularity of SOS and the /// filesystem also make it doable. Besides, I figure Apple just avoided a SW- only ][ em of course, on video you cannot really spare that piece... You know, I think the key point is the counter to the argument that "Apple couldn't (wouldn't) do the ][ emulator or Mac in Software so it must not be doable; I.E. that the "special" features of riting directly to an I/O peripheral controller chip addressed register would require similar complexity. BUT all of these are essentially " FINITE-STATE Machines" and emulatable via software. It's simply the performance hit that would be open-ended. And,ally the VIDEO... that's where a single 6502 instruction could take 10 or even 100 680x0 instructions to emulate - Storing a value to memory-mapped Apple /// video ram would have to be mapped to a bunch of code that adjusted colors, text, scrolling, etc. W 680x0 registers for MAX speed and even take advantage of CPU-cache if available (figuring 16 32-bit registers to simulate 3 8-bit ones (!) lots of room to fool around... Course the real bear is gonna be simulating the "machine specific" stuff, e.g. speci to 1 effective instruction speedup so, in principle, you could take 10 68030 instructions to emulate one 6502 one. In fact almost all 6502 instructions could be emulated in 1 or 2 680x0 instructions and clever design could keep a lot of the action in theatasystems fame commented about Apple /// emulation on a Mac or Amiga. Here' what he said at the time: "I still DO think a software emulation of a /// on a faster CPU such as a 68020 or 68030 is technically feasible - it seems to me you'd have about a 10 of utility disks for Mail List Manager (PD disks 3BLM-07 to 10). A few months ago, Al came up against a problem, however, that even he couldn't solve: "When my dad quit as secretary of the 459th Bomb Group Assn (A WWII alumni group) and asked if I could convert his Apple /// MLM file to a format that could be used by the incoming secretary. Sure. Happy to. The first thing I noticed was that he had a NAME field, consisting of FIRST/INITIAL/LAST NAME. MLM is probably the only data base program for any plted in the old TAU (Third Apple Users) Newsletter (author unknown): "There are a couple of ways. Write the Basic program to text file, then use the text file conversion program in Applewriter Utilities to convert to SOS disk format text file or, use a cother work-arounds, we'll publish them here on the Trail. APPLESOFT TO AN APPLE /// TEXT FILE This was a question asked sometime back - what's an easy way to move an Apple // AppleSoft Basic program to an Apple /// text file. The answer was prinlars for computer equipment and programs now, since the computer is good for at least another 54 years." On Three's Bob Consorti at one point talked about fixing this problem with BOS3, but he was never able to implement it. IF we can find any obe the first such occasion. After the year 2000 ends, reset the date to (19)61. This is the earliest date that ends in a "1", starts on a sunday and is 3 years away from the next leap year. Hope this information helps justify shelling out thousands of dolrday like Jan 1, 2000, ends with a 0 for easy reference and is NOT a leap year. Sometime in the 18th century in an effort to make calendars more accurate, it was determined that every 400 years there should not be a leap year (this is true) and 2000 will d modified, and programs such as Calendar Pak, and the clock chips only work until Dec. 31, 1999, I have figured out a way to increase the life of the system by 40 years. When the year 2000 comes we can reset the date to (19)10. This date starts on a Satufound in a file on our New Member Disk: "For those of you who are rather disturbed by the fact that in 14 years the Apple /// will be somewhat obsolete since the SOS was only configured to have 20th century records for recording when files were created anthe computer will reject anything with the year 2000 or later on it. Given its pioneering nature, you'll not be surprised that this is actually a problem the /// Community has been talking about for a long while. Here was one solution from 1986 I Macs) - their clocks won't recognize that we will be passing into a new century. There have already been a ton of articles about the problem - especially about how insurance claims and other business transactions will likely be thrown into chaos because LMUTIL is freebies nowadays. I have zero incentive to do anything but fix egregious program errors. And that is due to pure pride. I have some left." THE YEAR 2000 The Apple /// shares a problem with many other makes of computers (both MS-Dos andNVT program blew up. Ain't no NAME field to sort on. Oh naughtyword. There is nothing for it, I fear. If you use MLMCNVT, you must ensure that the target MLM file is accurately described -- especially that the new file's sort field names actually exist. Mting BG459 file. I replaced NAME with LAST NAME and FIRST NAME in the new record description. But I forgot to change the first SORT FIELD from NAME to LAST NAME. NAME doesn't exist in the new file, yes? The naughtywording Apple program accepted it. My MLMC), then use MLMCNVT to split the FIRST NAME into FIRST NAME and INITIAL. Then export the sucker with MLMASCI (Another of Uncle Al's MLMUTIL toys). MLMCNVT depends on a valid pre-defined MLM output file. So I used MLM to create a new file based on the exisatform that recognizes NAME in that format. And will sort on last name that way. So OK, split his NAME into FIRST NAME and LAST NAME with MLMCNVT (One of Uncle Al's MLM Utilities -- in WVU's MLMUTIL folder) using its "name" split (better than Apple's, IMHOnversion program in SOSTRAN, a great system of programs from Sun Data (disk 3UTL-06 in the WAP PD). These programs provide all sorts of conversions. Another program to use is APPLECON (disk 3BSB-09 in the WAP library). It will directly convert an Apple ][ Applesoft program to Business Basic. You will have to do some work to fine tune the programs, however, as some Applesoft commands or their equivalents do not exist in Business Basic and vice versa However, APPLECON does note conversion problems in REM sts the last true programmer we had and he will be sorely missed. What it really came down to was money, since Bob could not afford to spend the time to do projects for us at the price we were able to pay him: I'm getting about 1 real paying contract a yea ON THE TRAIL OF THE APPLE /// By David Ottalini Apple /// SIG Co-Chairman BOB CONSORTI MOVES ON It is with a great deal of sadness that I must report Bob Consorti has decided to retire as a programmer for our major Apple /// projects. Bob waBloom, PhD CDP 2303 San Marcos Street Blacksburg VA 24060 Apple Technical Support 1-800-767-2775 Apple User Group Connection 800-538-9696 ext. 500 Apple User Assistance 800-767-2775 Joe Consorti] 1174 Hickory Ave.] Tehachapi, CA. 93561] (805)-822-8580] Sun Remarketing - 1-800-821-3221 Paul Campbell 18361 Burgess Detroit MI. 48219 (313)-255-6497 Tom Linders 12604 Wardell Ct. Saratoga, CA. 95070 1-408-741-1001 Allan M r BOD members) know what you think our course should be in the future - your input, after all, is what we count on to help the club grow and prosper. APPLE /// RESOURCES Bob Consorti] 179-B Kent St. Brookline, MA. 02148 ] (617)-731-0662 ] On Three c/o FINALLY I want to say thank you to all who supported me for the WAP BOD. I finally won! Now I can really represent you over the course of the next year - one that continues to offer challenges and opportunities for our club. Let me (and the othelete listing of all the disks with old and new numbers. Look in the back of the WAP Journal for the latest numbers. I'll also upload an ASCII version to the WAP TCS and on the Internet for folks to use. We appreciate your support by purchasing our disks! formation updated, addresses fixed, files replaced. We've even added a few new disks. With this project nearly complete (there are always a few strings to take care of), I'll be able to start adding more disks again. Beth in the office has a comp I'm thrilled to announce that I have finally finished our long-term project to reorganize the /// SIG PD Library. With the strong support of John Ruffatto, I was able to rework the library so it reflects 1995 realities. There are new categories, inget. In any case, give him a hollar and see if he still has anything left . Email him, or write: Dr. Macintosh; 7937 E. Frontage Rd. ; Overland Park, KS 6620 . Phone number is : (913) 962-HELP (4357) and Fax number is: (913) 385-5503 PD LIBRARY NOTE s (bgross@primenet.com) who has long supported the Macintosh folks. He decided to expand into the Apple // family last May but quickly became disillusioned and decided to get out. It's unfortunate, since we need all the sources of parts and repairs we can program (64K or more)." Disk 3BSB-09 (by the way) also has some excellent support files for anyone looking to convert Applesoft to Business Basic. APPLE /// PARTS If you are looking for a source of Apple /// parts - quickly try Bill Grosatements. NOTE: Applecon will work on Dos 3.3 formatted disks ONLY and not on ProDos. If you want to convert an Applesoft program on a ProDos disk, you will have to port it over to Dos 3.3 using the ProDos utilities program, Copy //+ or some other // copy r that's paying me about 12x what I could ever hope to get out of the /// for a similar project. With my time constraints I just can't do it anymore at that kind of compensation level. Later, Bob added to those thoughts: There was just no way old days. Bob replied that there weren't that many who knew how to write in assembly language: The problem was only a couple of people at Apple could program in Apple /// assembly language. Almost everyone else was writing bloated, incredibly slow progra// hardware, communications protocols, Apple /// assembly language and who has a hell of a lot of free time on their hands. Again back to Jim Nichol on CompuServe, who wondered if there might not still be some Apple /// programmers left from the rt time if I released the assembler and the TCM source code than if I did the project myself. There are other assemblers that can be used on the Apple II to cross-assemble code for the Apple ///. The only problem is finding someone who knows SOS, Apple / for TCM and make the cross-assembler available as it would help me recoup some of the time I've lost on BOS and other Apple /// stuff over the last couple of years. But I've come to the unmistakable conclusion that it would probably cost me more in suppoand the fact that TCM used SOS. To get to the higher speeds required for in the specs for the new comm program it would be necessary to talk directly to the hardware, obviating much of the source that I could decipher. I would love to sell WAP the source going to be available, for basically the same reason. Tim did a poor job of commenting his source code and as we discussed the new comm project was basically going to be a rewrite for a number of reasons, not the least of which was undecipherable source eed that nobody would ever call me. And what about getting the source code to The Communications Manager so we could use that as the basis for a new communications program? I'm also afraid that the source code for the current version of TCM isn'tt have to be supported would again be a huge waste of time. From my continual Apple /// support calls on products I DIDN'T WRITE, I'd hate to have to deal with the kinds of support calls I know I'd get for a non-released assembler - even if it was guarant Bob was also asked if he might consider releasing his special assembler for the ///, so that other programmers might work on some Apple /// projects. But Bob said: It was written for internal use only and to polish it up for release that wouldn'urn down a new Mac project (like CricketGraph) because I'm doing a different one. If I had the time I would have jumped through hoops to get it since it paid so well ($60K), but they needed it done in less than 6 months which just wasn't feasible for me. d he'd been coding Apple // educational programs, but had also moved on to programming on the Macintosh: It was mainly software based for teachers for grading and computerized testing. I also did the Apple //e version of Destination:MARS! I just had to tr now I have to concentrate on what's going to be most profitable for me. On Compuserve, the announcement brought the most traffic the Apple /// board had seen in months. Jim Nichol wanted to know what programs Bob had been working on. Bob replie't continue doing large programming projects on the ///. Despite that, Bob DID leave the door open a tad for us: I do appreciate the efforts you've made on my behalf over the years and I will continue as time permits to do Apple /// things but foI could afford to spend the time on a project just as big as BOS when there wasn't a guarantee of even minimum wage. Since my 'real-world' programming projects are paying me some 15x minimum wage I hope you understand the financial reasons why I simply canms in Pascal. Nichol then wondered if someone hadn't written Pascal itself in assembler. To which Bob said: Technically yes but the core of the P-code was ported from the Apple // version of Pascal. Very little machine specific code for the Apple /// exists in the 6502 assembly code. Once Apple got the kernel going on the ///, ALL the rest of the system the editor, the compiler, the filer etc was all written in Pascal, compiled down to P-code which was run thru the P-code interpreter which sat or behalf? Dumb. But that's the way it has been since at least 1982 -- when I started with Sara. No support from the user non-community. No, I don't expect to make a difference with this note. I'm just raising hell with y'all. Again. And maybe explaining wit. As his second foray into /// shareware. I haven't heard anything about that lately. Maybe Bob's first foray didn't yield much? Durn, guys! If we don't support the folk who do useful work or magic on the ///, how do we expect anyone to do either on ouepends on binary file transfer. I asked Bob if he could implement the Mac standard "hqx" (binhex 4) text- encoding/decoding algorithm for the ///. John Jeppson's 1982 vintage text encoder/decoder is a piece of used food IMHO. Bob said he'd take a whack at esk accessory) from within Access /// for an XModem transfer. BC did desk accessories on the /// beautifully. One of the things that kept me from more than looking at any other computer until the Mac II series emerged. As I said, DAR is terrific. But it dit much when the /// was my primary computer. I needed the VT-100 emulation provided by Access /// for routine work. I used Access /// routinely. But if I were in CompuServe, and if I needed to transfer a file with an error-free protocol, I'd invoke TCM (dicent. As you may have noticed, I've tried to reinforce that evaluation by posting to NAMES in DAR format. Have you used DAR? Have you paid Bob his shareware fee? I shed no tears for BC's giving up on an update to The Communications Manager. I didn't use , but I'm not doing anything new), is dumping Sara. As he said on CompuServe these past couple days, he has time to program, but his other efforts pay lots better than his Apple /// stuff. What the naughtyword is the matter with y'all? Bob's DAR is magnifAL BLOOM WEIGHS IN Not to be forgotten, our good friend Al Bloom added his comments to Bob's announcement: We have a problem, children. Bob Consorti, the last active /// programmer to my knowledge (I've been known to update or correct my programs in assembly language on Apple II's by a group of very talented programmers who were way ahead of their time. Most of the Apple /// pascal language system was written in P-code,including most of what you would consider low level operating system stuff. TLA. Ahh, the good old days! Nichol wanted more on that: Did I understand you correctly that SOS started out in P-code (horrors!), and eventually was rewritten in assembler? To which Bob replied: No, SOS was written completelyon of AppleWorks). It was about 5 times as fast as the old Apple /// TLA (The Last Assembler) and he was quite productive with it. Rob Turner and myself wrote an Apple /// and later Apple IIGS assembly language assembler which was about 100x faster than tched those dots go by ended up sick of it and doing something different. Ruppert (now Bob) Lissner wrote a cross assembler on the old Lisa that compiled 6502 code which he used to create the first version of AppleWorks and /// E-Z Pieces (Apple /// versi /// (and Apple II) Pascal program compilation times, where the dots would stream across the screen indicating a line of code had been compiled (a couple dots a second) - those were the days! Actually, it was good in a sense. Many of the people who wan a port of the Apple II language system which was modified to work with the SOS operating system (in P-code) which eventually worked its way to assembly language. 3 or 4 layers later things ran so slow it made people cry. For those who remember the Applehy you are not again getting something for nothing. I should rephrase that. You have already gotten a lot for nothing. Almost all of us who tried gave up. And finally released our wares as free -- if not in the public domain. But you want something new? Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me. BC has been fooled more than twice, as have some others of us, and he kept coming back with great products that weren't supported. BC has gone the extra mile for more years than I could spell "Apple /ned that his /// is in his closet right now - despite his interest in the emulation program. Jeff Fritz (JFRITZ@WVNVM.WVNET.EDU), who oversees the Apple /// site at West Virginia University says he's in a "similar boat": My /// is boxed up and sitting a th it for lack of knowledge. Questions, comments, suggestions? BTW, you can pick up an older version of the emulator (loads the I/O modules from internal resources) from cassandra.ucr.edu in pub/apple2 if you want to check it out... Kevin mentioout the internals of a ///. I suspect that the biggest problem to deal with will be supporting the paged memory; depends how byzantine it is (I've refrained from doing //e emulation for this reason). So anyway, there it is, and I can't do anything more wiecret wishes (well, ok, not *so* secret) to make it into a /// emulator. The central architecture is pretty general - it should be possible to rework some of the external modules to be ///-like, and voila! The problem is that I don't know doodly-squat abads most of its stuff up at runtime from external modules (lets see, the modules are: 6502 emulation, video, speaker, paddles, keyboard, language card, floppy drives...I think that's it...). I mention this not to gloat, but because I've always had these sMAC called "Stop the Madness." He messaged recently that he remains interested in doing a similar project for the ///, provided he can get the information (which we are working on to provide). He wrote: I've written an Apple II emulator (for macs). It lo/// files, articles and other information. There are some 30 to 35 active members who keep things going, just for the love of the Apple ///. I also told you previously about Kevin Lund (kevin@BUFFY.UCR.EDU), who wrote an Apple // emulator for the evious articles, the site for the Apple /// discussion group on the Internet is located at West Virginia University. It's address is APPLE3-L@WVNVM.WVNET.EDU. There's also an FTP site there (names.wvu.edu/pub/apple3), which is where you can download Apple with this because I've found that we gain a new member with just about every purchase of BOS, so the return for us and the club is excellent. It's nice that ///ers who want BOS have to come to us to get it. INTERNET NEWS As I've mentioned in prul!) which helped. I'm also happy to say that we've reached an agreement with Bob Consorti to buy 10 more copies of the program at a discount, so that our Software Development Fund will bring in a little bit more in return. We decided to go ahead/// but when it's done it should be a nice backup option. BOS UPDATE I am happy to announce that we have now sold out of our first set of BOS disks! It took somewhat longer than we had hoped, but there was a steady trickle of sales (thank you Pashort and I didn't get the correct cable with the drive so it's going to have to wait a bit also. The card/drive should be nice since it has a ProDos program that allows you to copy from/to the IBM formatted disk. I won't do a conversion program for the the time you read this): I did pickup a new floppy controller card and it supports IBM style 5.25" 1.2 meg floppy and 3.5" 1.4/2.8 meg floppy drives. I even went so far as to order a set of drives to see if I could write drivers for it but time has been //." If you're not going to support his efforts, at least send him a thankyou note. BUT WAIT JUST ONE MINUTE.... Before Bob made his announcement, he was working on a project that he has, in fact, just about completed (and may have available by closet as well. If I had room, I'd set it up and use it regularly. Probably be better for it than gathering dust and turned off. Of course, if I had the room my Lionel trains wouldn't be in boxes either. Sigh! We need bigger houses and more room. (Maybe I can get the kids to move out early!) I wonder how many people are in a similar situation. I wonder what we can do about it. Should we form the FATFC (Free Apple Three's From Closets) movement. Oh well. Great machine, sad state of affairs. I gueter III files are readily readable by any ProDOS version of Apple Writer. So, what you need to do is find someone with an Apple // who can print the files to a 3.5" disk, and the files can be directly imported into a Mac, then transferred to an MS-DOS foro transfer my data to another computer - preferably IBM - but Mac would be fine too. Is it possible to hook up the 5.25" Apple III external drive to a Mac and copy the files? Ray Merlin (on CompuServe) had this suggestion: Anyway, Apple Wriomething hard to believe given the fact that our SARA is more than 10 years old. But luckily for him, his data disks were NOT taken and now: The only files I care about are in Apple Writer III format - which uses ascii with escape codes. What can I do t range of subjects, that I think you'll find interesting. They will also be uploaded to the WAP TCS once the disk is complete (we'll do it in DAR binary format). FILE TRANSFERS Poor ///er Andrew Sweet! He had his SARA stolen over the holidays - srase\, but not this one... you'll end up with a space before the comma. The only way to prevent this problem is to type \Underline this phrase,\ but not this one... which, unfortunately, underlines the comma too. The technotes cover a widene from ending exactly at the right margin. A problem also occurs if the word or phrase to be underlined has a period or comma right after it. Remember that the backslash that toggles underlining generates a space--so if you type \Underline this phargin: the backslash to start underlining is ignored, and underlining begins instead at the next backslash--the one that should mark the END of the underline. To work around this problem, alter the text before the first backslash to prevent the previous liuncontrollably. And there are more detailed items like this note, detailing underlining problems with AppleWriter: Whenever a word to be underlined is the first word in a line, a problem occurs if the previous line ends exactly at the rightmost mNOT generate a color signal for High-Resolution Graphics in the Emulator. Apple II High-Resolution images are available only on the NTSC black and white and color video outputs. On the left border of the high-resolution graphics screen, the dots flicker on the project. BUT once done, we'll have a neat new PD disk for our library. Now, what kinds of things might you find? Some are simple and short, like this comment about RGB color in //+ emulation mode: The Apple III's RGB color video outputs do e Apple //GS's Teach program (a basic text editor that can read Mac text files if the HFS FST is loaded into the GS), save it, read it into Appleworks, then save to disk so that each file could be pulled into 3EZPs. It does take time - I am still working It suffices quite well for most jobs. A3 TECH NOTES We're in the process of transferring over a number of Apple /// technotes obtained from EWorld, Apple's on-line service. Since EWorld is strictly for Macintoshes, I had to read each file with th I keep business records on it, and the family uses it as a word processor. The /// still has the best keyboard I've ever used, so it's still popular at home for word processing, even if it can't do all of the page layout features of today's computers. ss I shouldn't moan too much. Sitting in the box next to my /// is my old Mac Plus. Depressing. Jeff Marraccini (jeff@OAK.OAKLAND.EDU) had one solution: Heh, I agree that we could use larger houses! If it helps, my /// is still used regularly.matted disk. Or, you can skip the printing to disk step, and transfer the ACSII TXT files directly to a 3.5" disk on an Apple //, then go to the Mac with them, and remove the dot-commands and other formatting commands on the Mac or IBM. In either case, an Apple // computer must be involved, as the IBM cannot read Apple /// disks, and it's doubtful you will find a Mac capable of reading Apple // 5.25" disks. And then there was Greg Putrich, who was having troubles of his own: I got a /// a while ices * Repairs/Harware/Software PO Box 7195 San Diego, CA. 92167 619-225-8281 Apple /// Internet Address : APPLE3-L@WVNVM.WVNET.EDU Apple /// Internet Listserver : LISTSERV@WVNVM.WVNET.EDU Electronics Shop BBS * Repairs/Software/Hardware 1932-D Lincoln Drive Annapolis, MD. 21403 (301)-268-4242 Tom Linders (Linders007@AOL.Com) * Repairs and Hardware 12604 Wardell Ct. Saratoga, CA. 95070 408-741-10011 B&R Computer ServRepairs PO Box 4059 Logan, UT. 84321 (800)-821-3221 Sleepy Hollow Corp. * Repairs PO Box 969 Woodland, Ca. 95695 (916)-668-5637 (Note - WAP gets a rebate on repairs done by these folks!) WM Enterprises ware/Hardware 179-B Kent St. Brookline, MA. 02148 (617)-731-0662 On Three c/o Joe Consorti * Software 1174 Hickory Ave. Tehachapi, CA. 93561 (805)-822-8580 Sun Remarketing * Software/Hardware/ her (ok - a little joke). Anyway, you get the idea. IF you can help, that will make sure there are a steady flow of articles we can all enjoy over the next year or so. Thanks! APPLE /// RESOURCES Bob Consorti (75300.1543@COMPUSERVE.COM) *Repairs/Softme to put out a regular Trail column. SO, all I can promise you is we'll keep trying. YOU can help by writing your own articles about our SARA what you do with her, how you maintain her, what part she's played in your life. What kind of flowers you grow inentation, so it's unclear exactly what improvements were made. FINALLY I intend to continue making sure at least one or two articles about our SARA get into the Journal every issue. BUT time constraints are making it more and more difficult for ew 1.3 version of Business Basic (the SOS.INTERP file was created on 6/9/83)! I've already uploaded it to the TCS (as a DARed binary file) and you'll be able to get it in our PD library in the near future. It runs fine, but unfortunately, there's no documrs out in California a few months back. It turns out to have been Apple /// software - a virtual treasure trove of material. There was a lot of source code listings - including System Utilities 1.2, Backup /// and many drivers. In addition, there was a no, check to see that keyboard light is still on. If it burns out a weird pattern will come up on your monitor and won't go away until you replace the light. WILL WONDERS NEVER .... Someone mysterious left a package for our old friend Tom Linder seen a Silentype blow up anything inside an Apple ///. It might just be a coincidence, however with the > 100 chips inside the machine it's a real bear to check. Sometimes the prom chips just give up and give the type of pattern you're describing. Als Does anyone just happen to know what chip(s) I might have blown? I'd kinda like to get it going again, especially since I have some (not much) software for it. This time it was Bob Consorti who offered some thoughts and suggestions: I've nevel the thing does when it comes on is displays a screen with random bizarre characters. It won't boot, it won't do anything. I opened it up and reseated all the chips, but to no avail. Obviously I blew something, but I saw no visible damage anywhere inside.back and got it up & running with the AppleColor RGB monitor, two external disk drives (plus the internal), and a 5MB profile. All was well until I decided to plug my SilenType into the port on the back, just as the manual said I could. Ever since then, al * Repair Info (Apple //) (612)-789-2149 Apple User Group Connection 800-538-9696 ext. 500 Apple User Assistance 800-767-2775 (they answer Apple /// calls) NEW /// SIG PD DEBUTS By David Ottalini WAP /// SIG Co-Chair It's BIG and BLUE and plenty NEW all over. It's the WAP /// SIG PD Library - under extensive reconstruction for the past two years or so - and now, finally, the wraps can come off. With automatically check a document in memory. You must first tell Applewriter where Apple Speller is. You can do it from the Additional Functions Menu by pressing Control+Q and then, "M". (or simply add this to your Startup file as above). Then, Control+Q an the Apple ///. UTILITIES Utility Programs for the Apple ///. WAP ARTICLES Compilation of many articles published in the WAP Journal and elsewhere about the Apple ///. WORD PROCESSING Word Processing programs and utilities for the Apple ///. SHAREWARE Apple /// Shareware Programs. SOURCE CODE This category provides the source code, where available, of Apple /// programs and drivers. SYSTEM SOFTWARE Apple /// System Software. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications Programs and Information forRE The library of Pair Software (Frank Moore) and other related information. PASCAL AND OTHER LANGUAGES Pascal and other languages (Fortran for example), programs, etc. REPAIRS & DIAGNOSTICS Information about how to diagnose and fix a sick /// or ///+. Font Programs and Fonts. GAMES Apple /// Games. GRAPHICS Apple /// Graphics/Draw Programs and Fotofiles. INFORMATION Apple /// Information - for new users and beyond. MISCELLANEOUS Apple /// Disks we had a hard time putting anywhere else! PAIR SOFTWAof DA Datasystems (Daryl Anderson) and other DISK CATALOG - ASCII The /// SIG PD Catalog - ASCII Version. DISK CATALOG - 3EZ PIECES The WAP /// SIG PD Catalog - 3EZ Pieces Version. EMULATION Apple /// Emulation programs and information. FONTS Apple ///ty software that doesn't fit elsewhere. 3EZP/AW TEMPLATES 3EZ Pieces and Appleworks Templates. BLOOM PROGRAMS The compiled works of Dr. Al Bloom. BUSINESS BASIC Information and programs dealing with Apple /// Business Basic. DA DATASYSTEMS The Library e see the back for a complete rundown of all our PD disks - but here's the list of what each category is, and what it offers: ACCOUNTING Accounting-Specific Software for the Apple ///. APPLE SOFTWARE Formerly commercial software for the /// or third-parformation category files are there for you too. And how about my favorite disks in "Miscellaneous" - the Le Grayhaven Cookbook Plus, BBQ Recipies and Bread Recipies (3MSC-10, 11 and 12). All are directly readable on any Apple // family machine. Pleasthis PD that you can enjoy too! ALL the Appleworks/3EZP Templates are "plug and play" on the // - just load them into Appleworks. You can use any Apple // word processor to read all those past Journal articles - see the "WAP Articles" category. All the In the great Star Trek game (3GAM-06), another new word processing program, "Write Now" (3WDP-08) and the Best of Ottalini, Disk 09 (3WAP-10) (for 1994) are all available for you now. And HAY you Apple // users out there - there are a number of disk in the help of John Ruffatto, we have tried to make the PD library more useful to you - while updating and fixing files, as well as adding the new WAP address to each disk. We've also added a few new disks for you too: Paul Campbell's updated version ofd "K" will automatically run Apple Speller. When you are done, Apple Speller will return you to Apple Writer automatically. NOTE you can not have more than 2 32K banks of memory allocated to do this! It is a major bug that could cause you to lose your work. IF your document is large, you can either run Apple Speller separately, split up your document and spell check it or use StemSpeller (from On Three (805)-822-8580). Dot Commands:************ Whenever a period occurs at the left margh order. Wildcards: ************* The Control-F Find command normally uses the "/" delimiter to indicate the start and end of the text string to find. However, you may wish to search for text containing carriage returns, and it is not possible to enter a) This is the first line of a short paragraph which is not a very good example of much of anything. (2) This is the second line, which is not much of an improvement. However, the third line is somewhat more optimistic, probably due to birtmuch of anything. (2) This is the second line, which is not much of an improvement. However, the third line is somewhat more optimistic, probably due to birth order. .lm-10 .pm0 When the above text is printed, it will appear as follows: (1out toward the left. For example, the following commands would indent the paragraphs ten spaces, but leave the first lines alone: .lm+10 .pm-10 (1) This is the first line of a long paragraph which is not a very good example of he "paragraph margin" command is similar to the left margin command, but it affects only the first line of a paragraph. You can use the .lm and .pm commands to indent paragraphs but leave the first lines hanging ause the printer to skip to the next page only if there are fewer than 10 lines remaining on the page being printed. This lets you avoid breaking apart lines of text that should be printed together. .pm T printer to move on to the top of the next page (be sure you are using fanfold computer paper.) You can also use a variation of this command, by placing a number after the ".ff". For example, .ff10 will cto print, and another ".ep0" just after the part you wanted to print. When you print the document, only the part between the .ep1 and the .ep0 will be printed. .ff The "form feed" command causes a page break and forces the nd starts printing .ep1 if a "1" follows the .ep. This is useful if you only want to print part of a document: you would put a ".ep0" at the beginning of the document, and put a ".ep1" just before the part you wanted d cause the following text to be centered .lj would turn off centering and resume left justification There are other useful "dot" commands: .ep0 The "enable printer" command stops printing the or document, if a "0" follows the .ep, awith any of the print format commands. For example, .rm90 would set the right margin to 90, .lm+10 would set the left margin to 10 more than it was previously, .li1 would cause the line interval to be set to 1 (double space) .cj woulparate line just before the paragraph to be indented: .lm15 This would change the left margin to 15, and the new left margin setting would remain in effect until you included the command .lm9 to change the margin width back to 9. You can do the same in, the computer will try to interpret that line as a special command, instead of printing it. If you are typing a letter and the left margin is set to column 9, and you want to indent a paragraph to column 15, you could place the following command on a seter and Synergetics. 3860 West First Street, Thatcher, AZ. (602) 428-4073. All commercial rights reserved. Personal use permitted so long as this header remains present and intact. T Source: SYNERGETICS Author: Don Lancaster, with modifications by Timothy Tobin Desc: Apple Writer patch for IIGS Date: August 8, 1992 Release: 1.0 Status: Copyright c 1992 by Don Lancas(GEnie: A2.TIM) and is based on Don Lancaster's code. Used with permission. Free help line and additional info: (602) 428-4073. ************************************************************ ************ Name of textfile: AWPATCH.TXRU I, available via [SYNERGETICS] email or (602) 428-4073 for $24.50 VISA/MC, US only. Original Postscript code Copyright c 1992 by Don Lancaster. All rights reserved. This text file based written by Timothy Tobin HELMINGLY best way to run Applewriter in a IIGS environment is with a Super Serial Card. This is especially important for the recording and viewing of returned PostScript messages and data. Reprinted from ASK THE GURITER PORT PRINTING PATCH ************************************************************ ************ USE OF THESE PATCHES ARE *** NOT *** RECOMMENDED IF YOU HAVE ACCESS TO A POSTSCRIPT BASED LASER PRINTER. By far the OVERWup: Yep. I got them (and AppleWriter 2.1) from Resource Central. Here is the text file describing the patch. It was called AWPATCH.TXT. I'll shrink and BinSCII all three files and post them to comp.binaries.apple2 shortly. IIGS APPLE Wor the Apple II and Apple IIe). Since Pascal treats output as a file, both of these examples work with both Apple II and Apple III Pascal. nput and output at one time; "OutFile" is only one. Additional files can be declared with additional REWRITE statements. To simply list a program to the printer, go to the Filer and transfer the text file to .PRINTER (for the Apple III) or to PRINTER: (f {the printer.} DELAY; writeln ('This goes to the screen.'); DELAY; writeln (OutFile, 'This goes to the printer.'); close (Outfile) {Close the file ".printer" and end.} end. {Print_Output} The Apple III can have as many as ten files open for ie (OutFile, '.printer'); {Declare the printer} {as a file.} writeln ('This is a test.'); {Output goes to the screen.} DELAY; writeln (OutFile, 'This is a test.'); {Output goes to} L:8& +PAUL.REPORT~ L; WARNKE.MMBL;N, +AW.TUTORIAL!C3LwAPPLE.3vL6' '+BB.PRINTING N )WARNKE.AW+L7t .MACRO.MGR.BUGS L8t+SARA.AND.MEU L:-EM.MODE.PRINTgx L:8& .CHARACTER.SETSo PostScript Secrets Book + Disk costs $29.50. VISA/MC. Keywords: AppleWriter, IIGS, patch, comm, PostScript, modem, Guru, word, processor Can I run Apple Writer On an Apple IIgs? Except for one tiny and nit-picking detail, ProDOS Applewriter 2.1 runs reasonably in the fast mode on a IIgs. The only trivial hangup is that Apple Writer blows up the IIgs when you try to print. I can't imagine any of you diehards fussing over such an insignificant bug, but for those of you purists a". It is not a released version and there is no official documentation. There are some "bugs" introduced into AW 4.0 which were absent in AW 2.0. However, the enhancements clearly outweigh these "bugs" which are merely nuisances. Some of the bugs were cor .0 and is thought to have been originally used only internally by some Apple Computer personnel. It has been available to user groups for many years. This (i)nternal version is called Super Apple Writer, sometimes Apple Writer /// 4.0 and here, a terse "AW SUPER APPLE WRITER ///, "Apple Writer ///(i)", Apple Writer 4.0. by Dale Warnke Includes data & quoted text from a Review in TAUTALES, May 1987 by Chris Acreman. "Apple Writer ///(i)" is an enhanced version of Apple Writer /// 2Contact Don Lancaster's SYNERGETICS for reprint availability. Full consulting services available based on the concepts shown above. FREE VOICE HELPLINE AND ADDITIONAL INFO: (602) 428-4073 FX.PS) which is the original source for each. ************************************************************ ********* Write, call or GEnie [SYNERGETICS] email for your free PostScript Insider's Secrets and Hardware Hacker Insider Info brochures. 0, E$6020, T$0C 9. LOCK AWD.SYS As an alternative, you can use the Applesoft patch program (AWPATCH.BAS) to do the patch automatically. This Applesoft program was provided with this text file (AWPATCH.TXT) as well as the Postscript command file (AWIIGSe monitor. 3. BLOAD AWD.SYS, A$2000, E$6020, T$0C 4. Verify 4DC7- A0 Change 4DC7: 60 5. Verify 4F7E- 01 Change 4F7E: 10 6. Verify 4F85- 31 Change 4F85: 13 7. UNLOCK AWD.SYS 8. BSAVE AWD.SYS, A$200es for the super serial card and by aborting any [O]-J. 1. Make a third or higher backup copy of ProDOS Applewriter 2.1, using the filer utilities. Plainly label this disk FOR IIGS ONLY! 2. Get into /BASICS.SYS. Then CALL -151 to get into thApple Writer 2.1 version AWD.SYS only. AWD.SYS runs only on the 80 column IIc or the 128K IIe. The patch allows printing on a IIgs by defeating any attempts at setting serial data values to a non existant 6551 port chip. It works by trashing the i.d. bytto set your printer values. Option [O]-J is no longer active. Use the Super Serial Card instead of these patches for any and ALL serious PostScript work! ************************************************************ ********* This patch is for ProDOS testing made for the Super Serial Card. If this test fails, no 6551 serial port firmware will be assumed, and no damaging pokes will be made to exactly the wrong place in the IIgs. Thus, no blowups will occur. Be sure to use the control panel on the IIgs nd perfectionists out there that absolutely insist that a word processor should really be able to print as well as to process words, a few minimal printing patches are shown below for ProDOS Apple Writer version 2.1. These patches perform by defeating therected in AW 4.1 and AW 4.2. My Super Apple Writer /// 4.1 is the disk version with the single page print problem fix and my AW 4.2 is AW 4.1 plus the hard disk patch so it will look in .PROFILE/AW for the system files instead of in the built-in drive. Apple Writer /// 2.0, has significantly enhanced features and much improved documentation over Apple Writer /// 1.0. The Apple Writer 2.0 Package consists of three manuals: A tutorial for inexperienced word processor users which introduces the general concepe keyboard. E. PROMPTS with last used, text string on the [S]ave, [L]oad and [F]ind input line. Whenever one of these commands is called, a default value appears on the prompt line at the bottom of the screen. When a file is to be [S]aved or [L]oaded, line flashes. When Super Apple Writer is actually loading or saving files, i.e. When it is not ready to receive a character from the keyboard, the cursor is solid. When the cursor resumes flashing, Super Apple Writer is again ready to receive input from ththe active half of the screen is flashing and the cursor in the inactive half is solid. When the user is naming files to be [L]oaded or [S]aved or when the user is using the [F]ind command, the cursor in the text becomes solid and the cursor in the prompt SHING CURSOR When Super Apple Writer is ready to accept a character, the cursor flashes at the location where the new character will be received. When the user is entering text, the flashing cursor is in the text. When the screen is split, the cursor in A 512k Apple /// is allowed up to 14 banks(14x32x1024 = 458,752 bytes). The selection, with [O]J allows larger Apple ///s a choice of loading very large documents or having the speller in memory at the same time that Apple Writer is in memory. D. FLA selected that is too large for your Apple ///, Apple Writer will automatically set in the maximum allowed: A 128k Apple /// is allowed up to 2 banks( 2x32x1024 = 65,536 bytes), A 256k Apple /// is allowed up to 7 banks( 7x32x1024 = 229,376 bytes) andory size refers to Apple /// internal memory to be used for your document. Two banks (32k each, 65536 total bytes) is standard and the maximum for a 128k Apple ///. The value in the range (1-15) depends on the size of the computer being used. If a value isers or more than 79 characters per inch. C. VARIABLE MEMORY BANKS The other new command on the SOS COMMANDS menu is Command J, "Select Memory Size". After entering [O]J, the user is informed: 3 32k banks are now in use. Enter new value (1-15) : The mem the appearance of the finished document. If the user specifies a width greater than 79 characters, the screen scrolls horizontally as the user moves the cursor. This feature is convenient when working on files originally intended for 132-column line printtwo additional commands on the SOS COMMANDS Menu ([O]). Command I "Select Display Column Width", lets the user specify the width of the screen, from 1 to 255 characters. By setting the column width to the same as the printed width, the user can approximateuser can type/edit over the the last used text if new text is desired. 5. Not Copy Protected. Backup and customized disks can be made with the System Utilities Disk; and AW 4.0 can be patched for use on a hard disk. B. VARIABLE COLUMN WIDTH There are uments larger than 64K. 3. Flashing Cursor; Easier to spot in the text. 4. Prompts with last used, text string on the Save, Load and Find input line. Saves typing a new word or pathname each time you want to find string of text or load/save a file. The E WRITER /// 4.0: 1. Variable Column Display Width (1-255 columns); Convenient for wide column printers or small pitch. 2. Variable Memory Specification (1-15 32K Banks); Convenient to optimize to your configuration and to load and view docts used in word processing, an excellent, experienced user manual, and a WPL manual on this unique and powerful utility. It also includes a file conversion utilities disk, two product training disks and a keypad template. A. THE MAIN NEW FEATURES IN APPLthe name of the file in memory is shown as the default. If the name is to be accepted as is, then entering an "=" and a return will save or load the file in memory. If an entirely new file is to be named, simply writing over all or part of the default name will change the file name. When the return is entered, everything to the right of the cursor is truncated. When the [F]ind command is invoked, the last string(s) used in a [F]ind command is shown as the default value. If they are to be used as is, the cuung word processors is WPL, word processing language. WPL is a way to rapidly execute a pre-determined sequence of keystrokes. It has the power to execute loops within a program, compare strings and branch execution based upon the comparison. It has limitee numbering commands, page headers and footers, etc., are embedded in the text and that "raw" file is shown on the screen. To see what the finished product will look like, the user can "print" it to the screen. A feature that makes Apple Writer unique amohe experienced user too! G. WORD PROCESSING LANGUAGE (WPL). Apple Writer is not a WYSIYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processor, but a pre-processor word processor. Such commands as paragraph indentation, left and right margins, justification, pag the 2.0 manuals. Apple Writer /// 2.0 has excellent documentation. Users of AW 4.x are well advised to buy it. This recommendation is especially for the user who is not familiar with earlier versions of Apple Writer; The reference manual is superb for tn results in a SOS error but entering [O] a return works fine. 7. Super Apple Writer lacks documentation. It has many help screens that are instantly available, but there is a wide variety of subtle but powerful details that are covered only inconfusing; For a clear menu, press KP- again. i.e. Tap KP- twice. 6. Long prefix name problem ([O]H). If the name is short enough, then a catalog of the prefix can be had by simply entering: [O] a return. If the name is too long, then entering [O] a retury) keypad(KP) definition; KP- gave the [P]? command which resulted in a "clean" print menu. In Super Apple Writer, the KP- macro does not clear the screen and gives only part of the menu. Although functionally ready for input, the print menu display looks ile name is lost. The next time the file is saved, the name must be re-entered. (Also in AW 2.0). 5. When the print menu is called within a macro, there is a display problem. The original GLOS.KEYPAD of Apple Writer /// 2.0 has a very handy macro (glossarmaller portions and print them in sequence. 4. After an error in all operations involving a file name, the name of the file, which normally appears at the upper right corner of the screen, is lost. The file is in memory and the prefix is intact, but the f of memory, only 64k of the document can be printed in a single document. The rest is just left in memory and never gets to the printer. But the TAU disk includes a WPL program (BIGPRT) with documentation (BIGPRT.DOCS) to divide the larger document into s be changed back (via [O]H) to the directory containing SOS.INTERP. Then use J to change the memory size and finally, use H to change back to the working prefix. 3. There is a printing problem for large documents. Even though three banks will provide 96kllocated if Apple speller is to be called from within AW on a 256k Apple ///. The system prefix must be set to the directory which contains the AW 4 SOS.INTERP. This means that if the user has used [O]H to change to a working prefix, the prefix must firstsingle page print function in version 4.0; This problem is fixed in version 4.1. Note that there is no display on the Apple Writer screens indicating which version (4.0, 4.1 or 4.2) you are using. 2. Memory Size Selection [O]J. Only three banks can be arsor must be moved to the right of the string(s), for everything to the right of the cursor will be truncated. New string(s) can be written over the default value. F. CAUTION NOTES and NUISANCE "BUGS" in Apple Writer /// 4.x 1. There is a problem in the d arithmetic abilities, mostly for counting loops. WPL programs can use subroutines. WPL programs cannot be nested, but they can be chained, i.e., one program can call another, but control will not return to the calling program. WPL programs can be written by the user to tailor to specific needs. WPL programs can merge mailing lists and form letters (Quick File /// has a special provision to facilitate this). WPL programs can present menus for the selection of tab setting files, format files, standardized aving the MACROS with the "BAD" map selected will turn on the recorder (listen for the key click; use SA-8 to turn it off). Also, When you call the MACROS (via SA-4) the next time/there-after, the MACRO.MAP will be scrambled. I don't know how te /// memory and, maybe, upon the size of the Driver. Just add the "BAD" map and immediately add another map or switch to a good map. Never, Never leave(ESCAPE) the MACROS back to the application with the Bad Map selected or you will be sorry!!! Lek Boundary in the Apple /// where the list of MAP names and other info get divided or something and thus hashed. The Solution is to find which map NOT TO USE and spare it out as shown below. The number of this "BAD" map depends upon the size of the Appl One way around this problem is to skip the 5th or 6th macro-map and add or go on to the next. See the examples below. Never SELECT the bad macro-map. (6th map for the 512K system). Notes: This bug in the MACRO.MAPS file may be due to a Memory Ban APPLE /// MACRO MANAGER BUG FIXES By Dale Warnke There appears to be a memory management problem with the Macro Manager. At the 5th or 6th macro-map, the macro system fails. (5th macro-map for 256K system, 6th macro- map for 512K system). SOLUTION: s/h. For repair, configuration and tutoring on your Apple ///, call Dale Warnke (714) 786-8249. essary to use Super Apple Writer and several helpful WPL files. - Sun Systems Remarketing, P.O. Box 4059, Logan UT 84323-4059, Phone 1-800-821-3221, has Apple Writer /// 2.0 and Apple Speller /// listed in their August, 1995 catalog at $20 each + library (3WDP-01). This version has the single page print problem removed and is setup for a hard disk so it will look for the system files on the hard disk instead of defaulting to .d1, the built-in drive. The disk is two-sided and includes all files necd has compatible data files to Appleworks for Apple IIs so there are more folks who can help. Also recommended is Word Juggler which works more like professional word processors than AW and /// E-Z Pieces. Super AppleWriter 4.1, 3-dec-84, is in the WAP PDlly for formatting and paging) and I recommend /// E-Z Pieces for new users. Although it is less versatile, it is easier to learn and use and is more "WYSIYG". With its windows-like desktop, /// E-Z Pieces is more modern and it is functionally identical an// and I use AW 4.1 exclusively over AW 2.0. AW has three, useful, unique features: macros that do complex commands with one keystroke, WPL for customization and automation and embedded codes to control printers. Yet, AW is still difficult to use (especiatexts, etc. WPL programs can search the document and make repeated complex replacements. H. FINAL NOTES. Users of AW 4 are advised to buy AW 2.0 for the excellent documentation. I use Apple Writer because it was the first word processor for the Apple /o fix it: So make a backup of the last working MACRO.MAP: First set the prefix to .profile/desktop. And Copy MACRO.MAPS to ZMACRO.MAPS and start over. Then, when things go bad, delete the mis-behaved MACRO.MAP. And Copy ZMACRO.MAPS back to MACRO.MAPS. Examples For 256K Apple /// (M256.MACRO.MAP"): MacroMap Selection Menu Press *? For Options Menu --------------------------- ACCESS /// BLANK BASIC Apple Writer #5 BAD, Neveathnames" the Internet needs in order to send you to the location you want to go. They actually stand for "Universal Resource Locators." This directory (Folder in GS parlance) lists tons of great URLs - a compliment to the BIGSURF Guide listingrectory) BIGSURF.6 (Directory) : We continue our surfing guide to the WWW! DISK 3INET.09 SIDE ONE BIGSURF.7 (Directory) : We finish our surfing guide to the WWW! URLS.1 (Directory) SIDE TWO URLS.2 : "URLS" are the "ptober, 1995 - some listings have likely gone away or already changed. DISK 3INET.07 SIDE ONE/TWO BIGSURF.3 (Directory) BIGSURF.4 (DIRECTORY) : We continue our surfing guide to the WWW! DISK 3INET.08 SIDE ONE/TWO BIGSURF.5 (DiWO BIGSURF.1 (Directory) BIGSURF.2 (Directory) : A tremendous resource of World Wide Web sites you can surf for all kinds of great information. Note that addresses change - sometimes often - so while this is a pretty good compilation as of OcEM.TERMS : All the terms you wished you knew about dealing with your modem and its use. HTML (Directory) : Some basic information about Hypertext Markup Language - the page language of the World Wide Web. DISK 3INET.06 SIDE ONE/TDirectory) : "Zen and the Art of the Internet" - Another great tutorial about the Internet. KIDS.INET : A little info about the wealth of information on the Internet for Kids. SIDE TWO] ZEN.2 (Directory) MOD 3INET.04 SIDE ONE/TWO FAQS.2 FAQS.3 : More "FAQs" - Frequently Asked Questions files - about the World Wide Web, the Apple II and ///, Getting Information by Using Email Only, and much more. DISK 3INET.05 SIDE ONE ZEN.1 (r Use me! MISC For 512K Apple /// (M512.MACRO.MAP"): MacroMap Selection Menu Press *? For Options Menu --------------------------- ACCESS /// Pascal/Basic EZP BASIC blank #6 Bad, Never Use Me! Misc s. DISK 3INET.10 SIDE ONE ROADMAP INTERNET TUTORIAL BY DON CRISPIN From WWW to Spamming, Don Crispin's wonderful Roadmap series is one of the best ways to learn about the Internet in